Considerable discussion has arisen over the perilous ramifications of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on human health. However, it remains uncertain if the toxicity is associated with vital organs such as testes and kidneys. The aim of this study is to investigate the harmful effects of AlCl3 on testicles and renal tissues, as well as to evaluate the protective role of Allium cepa Linn (AcL) extract over the toxic effects of AlCl3 on these organs.A total of sixteen adult Wistar rats, weighing between 200 and 240 grams, were placed into four groups, each consisting of four animals. As the control, Group A was provided with standard rat chows and water. Group B got a treatment of 200 mg/kg body weight of AcL extract exclusively, while group C received a treatment of 90 mg/kg body weight of AlCl3 alone. Group D, on the other hand, received a co-treatment consisting of 90 mg/kg body weight of AlCl3 combined with 200 mg/kg body weight of AcL extract. Each therapy was administered orally on a daily basis for a duration of 21 days. Animals were anesthetized using chloroform vapor and then dissected twenty-four hours following the last treatment. The testicular and renal tissues were collected, measured, and preserved in a 10% formal saline solution for further histological examination. Serum preparation was conducted by collecting blood by eye puncture in order to facilitate histochemical tests. In group C, there was a substantial drop (p<0.05) in the body and testicular weights of the Wistar rats. Additionally, there was a statistically significant rise (p<0.05) in kidney weights compared to the control group. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was seen in the body and organ weights of groups B and D, which was comparable to that of the control group. The study found that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in motility of sperm, typical sperm morphology, and serum levels of ICSH and testosterone between groups B and C. However, there was a significant difference (p > 0.05) in total sperm count and Pus cells between group B and group D, which was similar to the control. The amounts of urea and creatinine were not substantially higher (p > 0.05) in group C compared to the control, group B, and group D. Histological examination demonstrated that subsequent to the application of AlCl3, there was a notable modification in the typical structures of the testes and kidneys. This alteration encompassed significant tissue degeneration, pronounced apoptosis of germinal cells in the testes, and a concentrated accumulation of inflammatory cells resulting from extensive regeneration of renal tissue. Furthermore, the injection of Acl juice extract resulted in a modest restoration of testicular and renal tissue architectures. The study's findings indicate that the treatment of AlCl3 resulted in testicular and renal toxicity, leading to impaired reproductive and renal functions. Conversely, the administration of Allium cepa linn (AcL) extract mitigated the toxicity, therefore safeguarding and improving the testicular and renal structures. The findings of this research indicate that the extract derived from Allium cepa Linn (AcL) has therapeutic characteristics in mitigating the toxicity generated by aluminum chloride (AlCl3).

On 10 March 2020, The Ministry of Health of Mongolia publicly announced the first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID-19. Mongolia was the 31st affected country in Asia. As of the 7th of May 2022; there have been 469,885 cases and 2,167 deaths reported. The Ministry of Health developed COVID-19 diagnostic and treatment guidelines which have been updated four times. The latest guideline was released on the 18th of January 2022, and included remdesivir (RDV), molnupiravir, and favipiravir as antiviral drugs. There is no sufficient study of remdesivir (RDV) efficacy in Mongolia. The retrospective study has been evaluated from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 symptoms and had received 5-day RDV treatment. A total of 148 patients had had 5-days RDV as a treatment. At least 39.2% of the patients were within the 45-60 years age group. Females were about 64.9% and (54.7%) patients had moderate COVID-19 disease; while (62.16%) patients had comorbid conditions.Findings of our study that show that a 5-day course of treatment is associated with vital clinical benefits that can provide greater benefits in Mongolian inpatients.

A complete nutritional formulation, full dose of natural nutritional supplements containing Moringa oleifera leaves and ginseng, both nutritionally complementary to natural foods. Methods: Basedon the study of M. oleifera leaves, the nutritional value of ginseng and the ratio of ginseng raw materialsand the selection of microcrystalline cellulose, sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC),magnesium stearate for M. oleifera leaves were determined. Using excipient, same factors and orthogonalresearch, selected the best formula pills prepared by powder crushing technology to prepare M. oleiferaand ginseng tablets. Results: optimal ratio of raw materials of M. oleifera powder: ginseng powder 7:3,optimal raw material for tablet making 88.5%, microcrystalline cellulose 8.0%, CMC 2.0%, magnesium stearin 1, 5%, optimal material core breaker Parameters for mesh size 200-300, size 7%, tablet pressure 40 kN. Conclusion: Through practice and process improvement, we can prepare a complete and complete diet from M. oleifera and ginseng tablets whose papery appearance, weight of various parts, hardness,friability, disintegration and other parameters meet the best requirements.

The second most common malignancy among women is malignancy of the breast, behind skin cancer. carcinoma of the breast is the most common cancer among women. It is estimated that each year, 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed worldwide. Breast carcinoma is the name for cancer that develops in the breast tissue. It happens when breast cells multiply and change uncontrolled. Usually, a tumor develops from the cells. The malignancy of the breast is among the cancers diagnosed most frequently in women worldwide, and if caught early and without metastases, it can be treated in approximately 70 to 80 percent of cases. To acquire the data for this study, a literature review was done and pertinent terms were looked for on reputable scientific websites including SID, Google Scholar, the Library of Congress, and the entirety of the Comprehensive Portal of Human Medical Sciences. Cancer, carcinoma of the breast, cell, gene, women's life quality, worker efficiency, age, obesity, alcohol, smokes, menopause, genetics, and mortality were among the search terms used.

The incidence of stunting in the world, in Indonesia, in several provinces, especially in the 12 stunting priority provinces, as well as in several districts throughout Indonesia, is still high. The occurrence of stunting has short-term and long-term impacts. The short-term impact of disrupted brain development, intelligence, impaired physical growth, and metabolic disorders in the body, for the emergence and long-term impact is decreased cognitive ability and learning achievement, decreased immunity so that people get sick easily, and a high risk of diabetes, obesity, heart and blood vessel disease, cancer, stroke, and disability in old age. The accumulation of these two impacts can reduce the quality of resources, productivity and the nation's competitiveness. The incidence of stunting in Indonesia can be caused by many factors. These factors contribute both directly and indirectly. One factor that is related is anemia in pregnant women. Where anemia in pregnant women can cause stunted growth and development of the baby in the mother's womb. Stunting is a chronic nutritional disorder in children characterized by children being shorter than children in general. The aim of this research is to analyze pregnant women with anemia on the incidence of stunting in the Cibeber Community Health Center working area. This research method uses a quantitative approach, where the cross-sectional method is used. In this method, data is only taken once. This type of data uses secondary data. The results of this research obtained secondary data, that there is a direct or indirect relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of stunting. even though the data is not perpendicular. between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Between data on pregnant women with anemia, and the nutritional status of thin children and short children. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between pregnant women with anemia and the incidence of stunting at the Cibeber Community Health Center.

Rohypnol is a benzodiazepine medication that is medically prohibited in the United States but is lawfully prescribed in more than sixty other countries. The drug is used as a pre-anesthetic and to treat insomnia, but it causes Substantia Nigra function to be lost, which is what motivated this study to determine whether vitamin C and E can improve the effects of adult wistar rats' exposure to Substantia Nigra. Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly separated into five groups of five rats each (A, B, C, D, and E). Group A, the control group received distilled water. Groups B, C and D received 1mg/kg of Rohypnol, 1mg/kg of Rohypnol+100mg/kg of vitamin C, 1mg/kg of Rohypnol+100mg/kg of vitamin E and 1mg/kg of Rohypnol+100mg/kg of vitamin C and E of Rohypnol respectively. The animals were sacrificed after three weeks of administration and the substantia Nigra were harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline for histological processing and studies. The results obtained in this study following the administration of Vitamin C & E on substantia Nigra exposed rohypnol shows a significant increase in the test group when comparing to the other group. The crucial role of Vitamin C and E in neuronal maturation and functions, neurotransmitter action as well as responses to oxidative stress is well supported by the evidences presented in this study. In conclusion This study have shown that good antioxidants such as vitamin C and E are very much effective in reducing oxidative stress and thus, have great antioxidant ameliorative properties to the Rophynol induced substantia nigra of the wistar rats.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often leading to heart failure (HF). The incidence of systolic myocardial dysfunction among CAD patients is increasing, partly due to improved survival after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Re-vascularization, particularly coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), is recommended over percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and multi-vessel CAD, according to European guidelines. Objective: To ascertain the mean post-operative left ventricular ejection fraction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. To compare the mean post-operative left ventricular ejection fraction in patients undergoing single versus multiple arterial coronary artery bypass grafts. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study Setting: Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan. Duration: From January 24, 2022, to October 23, 2022. Participants: Patients meeting inclusion criteria and attending NICVD, Karachi, were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Data Collection: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessments were conducted one week post-procedure and at six months. Data were electronically recorded for analysis. Results: The study included 105 patients with a mean age of 55.06 ± 10.02 years, comprising 71 (67.6%) males and 34 (32.4%) females. Post-operative LVEF at 1st week, 3rd month, and 6th month averaged 36.4 ± 3.1, 44.6 ± 6.1, and 52.5 ± 6.0, respectively. Comparison revealed a significant difference in mean post-operative LVEF at 6 months between patients receiving single arterial (49.6 ± 5.9) versus multiple arterial grafts (52.8 ± 6.1) (P = 0.007). Conclusion: This study underscores a substantial difference in mean post-operative LVEF between patients undergoing single versus multiple arterial coronary artery bypass grafts. Further well-controlled prospective trials are warranted to corroborate these findings.

Background: Kerala has highest prevalence of thyroid disorders in India and each year the number of cases are increasing. The scope of homoeopathy in nodular goitre is studied for a safe and effective treatment option. Objective: This review was done to explore the strengths of homoeopathy in the management of Nodular goitre through published articles and literature search. Methods: A search was made for homoeopathic management of nodular goitre in PubMed, Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy e-library, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The basic search terms included ‘Homoeopathy’ and ‘MNG’, ‘Goitre’, ‘Multinodular goitre’. The searched results screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Further, literature review, through homoeopathic repertories, was also conducted for finding frequently used homoeopathic drugs used in the management of goitre. Results: Through an online search, 5 case reports were found related to the subject. This shows the possibility of homoeopathic treatment in nodular goitre and there is literature evidence of medicines effective for thyroid disorders in homoeopathic repertories. This review can help the readers to narrow down the available studies and find scope for further studies. Conclusion: At present, only case reports have been published for the last decade showing benefits of homoeopathy in nodular goitre. Further well-designed studies are warranted.