As a preeminent Confucian scholar of the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi has exerted a profound and lasting influence through his contributions to Confucianism, classical studies, ritual studies, and historical studies scholarship. This study employs VOSviewer to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 631 articles on Zhu Xi published in CSSCI journals on China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 2021 to 2025. The research reveals that in recent years, the number of publications on Zhu Xi has shown a fluctuating trend. Scholars such as Le Aiguo and Shen Shunfu have achieved remarkable results, and institutions like Shandong University and Xiamen University have played important leading roles. The co-occurrence analysis of keywords identifies the focal directions of Zhu Xi’s studies in the development of Neo-Confucianism during the Song and Ming dynasties, Confucian orthodoxy, and the philosophy of mind and nature. This study indicates that the field of Zhu Xi research holds broad prospects and is expected to continue gaining momentum against the backdrop of cultural renaissance. Future research can be advanced by deepening interdisciplinary explorations and integrating diverse perspectives, such as the history of science and cultural anthropology. This approach will facilitate a deeper integration of Zhu Xi's ideas with contemporary practices and further uncover the modern value and application potential of his work.

Da'wah strategy is the process of determining ways and efforts to face targets in certain situations and conditions in order to achieve goals optimally so that these da'wah activities make Islam experience a development. One of the dakwah institutions that requires a good strategy is pesantren. Islamic boarding schools are one of the pillars of the Islamic struggle that have contributed greatly to religion and the state. Islamic boarding schools are Islamic educational institutions that function as centers for Islamic education and broadcasting. Azra explained that pesantren have played three roles: transmission of Islamic knowledge (delivery of Islamic sciences), maintenance of Islamic tradition (maintenance of Islamic traditions) and reproduction of ulama (development of prospective scholars). In this section the author will discuss strategies that need to be known as well as can be handled to develop the potential of da'wah that is possible in pesantren. Some of the following strategies need to be developed so that later a boarding school will be able to exist in carrying out its duties to build a prosperous and happy life in the guidance, protection and pleasure of Allah.

As Rwanda undergoes rapid urbanization, traditional gender roles are increasingly contested, redefined, and renegotiated. This study explores the evolving dynamics of masculinity, feminism, and family welfare roles in urban Rwanda, focusing on the perceptions of 41 social sciences students at the Catholic University of Rwanda (CUR). The research investigates how students conceptualize masculinity and feminism, and how these perceptions intersect with shifting familial responsibilities in cities. Guided by theoretical frameworks including Judith Butler’s gender performativity, Raewyn Connell’s hegemonic masculinity, and feminist perspectives on domestic labor, the study applies a cultural anthropology lens to analyze contemporary urban kinship and household structures. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining structured questionnaires with focus group discussions to gather both quantitative and qualitative insights. Statistical results indicate that 78% of respondents perceive masculinity as transforming, with emotional engagement and caregiving now seen as appropriate male roles. Furthermore, 85% confirm women’s economic empowerment, although 62% acknowledge ongoing societal resistance to female leadership within families. Respondents highlighted increased male participation in caregiving and domestic duties, while also noting persistent intergenerational tensions and cultural pressures. The findings suggest that urbanization, access to education, and exposure to global feminist discourses are fostering more egalitarian gender norms. Nevertheless, full gender parity in family welfare roles remains a work in progress. This study concludes that urban Rwandan households are transitioning toward shared responsibilities, and calls for gender-sensitive policies that reinforce these shifts. Future research should expand to peri-urban and rural contexts to deepen understanding of gender transformations across Rwanda.

Abstract: The institution of administrative silence, reflecting the lack of response from public administration to requests made by citizens or legal entities, has undergone significant evolutionary phases at the international level. Initially considered as inaction without legal consequence, it has evolved into a concept interpreted as either implied refusal or, in certain cases, tacit approval. This paper examines the historical development of administrative silence, its legal treatment in the legislation of EU member states, developing countries such as Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia, and provides a systematic comparison of these approaches. Relying on relevant jurisprudence and literature, contemporary trends, implementation challenges, and recommendations for improvement are identified. 🔑 Key Concept Administrative silence refers to the failure of a public administration to respond to a request within the legal time limit, resulting in various legal consequences. It has evolved from being unrecognized, to being treated as implied refusal, and more recently as tacit approval, especially in EU countries. In Albania and the region, the refusal model still dominates; therefore, legal and administrative framework improvements are recommended to enhance efficiency and protect citizens’ rights.

This paper provides an academic analysis of Law No. 9874, dated 14.2.2008 “On Public Auction,” as amended—a key component of public asset management reform in Albania. Through a historical, institutional, and critical perspective, it highlights the law’s primary objectives: increasing transparency, ensuring fair competition, and improving public revenue. The study focuses on the law’s practical implementation by public institutions such as municipalities, ministries, and the Agency for Property Treatment, while identifying the main challenges to its effective functioning. Particular attention is given to the limited use of technology and the absence of robust oversight mechanisms. The paper concludes with concrete recommendations for revising and modernizing the law in alignment with contemporary standards of public administration.

This crisis is engendered by new media technologies' pervasive influence on contemporary society's grasp of reality, communication, and also its foundational knowledge. The paper argues the digital age, defined by its characteristic "fluid knowledge" and a notable "electronic acceleration," leads to a significant blurring of boundaries. The distinctions between the real and artificial, the organic and inorganic, are increasingly challenged. This directly confronts traditional epistemological certainties, resulting in a "collapse of previous dualities" where the image emerges as a dominant communicative vehicle over text.

Annals of Transcultural History of Art: A Story Told in Two Ways, edited by Li Jun, presents an innovative methodological framework that reimagines global art history through a transcultural lens. Departing from entrenched Eurocentric and Sinocentric narratives, the volume promotes dialogue between Chinese and European artistic traditions. At its core is the “Three Originals” principle—original language, original works, and original cultural context—which calls for direct engagement with primary texts, artworks, and their historical environments. The volume comprises three sections: two featuring original essays on theory and material culture, and a third offering critical reviews of recent scholarship. Through detailed case studies, the volume illustrates how Eastern influences informed Western art—from Renaissance architecture to decorative patterns in Meissen porcelain—highlighting the hybrid and reciprocal nature of artistic development. By emphasizing cultural interaction as a driver of innovation, it advocates a more inclusive and globally attuned art history. This review acknowledges the volume’s significant contribution while also suggesting the need to expand beyond the China–Europe–Islamic world focus to include broader geographic and thematic dimensions. As a pioneering contribution, the volume establishes a foundation for future research into the complexities of transcultural artistic exchange across civilizations.

This study reviews literature and practical evidence from the Discovery Centre in Abuja, Nigeria, to explore the therapeutic effects of music in inclusive classrooms. It focuses on how music supports the learning and integration of students with disabilities such as autism, ADHD, and learning disabilities. Highlighting music’s role as a cognitive and emotional tool, the research reports significant improvements in speech development, motor coordination, attention, cognitive function, emotional regulation, and social interaction during music-based sessions. Strategies like multisensory engagement and instrument-based activities benefitted learners across various ability levels. The findings advocate for integrating music into both special and general education to promote inclusive education in Nigeria and similar contexts.

As one of the renowned psychologists in China, Gao Juefu translated a large number of psychological works and made an important contribution to the initial development of Chinese psychological discipline. The paper explores Gao’s translation thought as a psychologist from the perspective of the transknowletology studies and finds that: Gao chose the original works of psychology according to the local needs of the discipline development; he pursued the accuracy of psychology knowledge, especially that of the specialized terms. Besides, he was a meticulous translator in reproducing the psychology works, giving priority to the readers’ satisfaction. Gao Juefu has successfully disseminated the new knowledge from foreign countries by means of preface before translation and commentary after translation, leaving a legacy of numerous high-quality translation works behind. The paper proposes that the study of psychological translator Gao Juefu can provide more arguments for the transknowletology studies as a new and popular theoretical model in China.

This study aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG 9), focusing on sustainable industry, innovation, and infrastructure. Despite the recognized importance of infrastructure and industrialization for economic growth and development, many developing countries face significant barriers such as inadequate financing, weak innovation ecosystems, and governance challenges that hinder progress toward sustainable and inclusive industrial growth. Key findings from recent literature reveal persistent gaps in access to resilient infrastructure, limited technological adoption, and underdeveloped innovation systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, governance and institutional weaknesses exacerbate these challenges, while innovative financing mechanisms remain underutilized. Adopting a systematic review methodology, this research synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed academic literature, policy reports, and global institutional data published between 2020 and 2024. Key findings reveal that while there is significant progress in certain regions, structural challenges such as poor governance, inadequate financing mechanisms, and uneven technological adoption hinder inclusive and sustainable industrialization. The main contribution of this study lies in providing an integrated analysis that links sustainable infrastructure development, inclusive industrial policies, innovation ecosystems, and governance reforms, offering practical recommendations to policymakers, development agencies, and industry stakeholders. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for multi-sectoral approaches that foster innovation, strengthen institutional capacity, and mobilize sustainable investments to accelerate progress towards SDG 9. By addressing these interconnected factors, countries can promote economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability, advancing not only SDG 9 but also the broader 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

This study aims to critically examine the evolution of policing in South Africa from a comparative and historical perspective, focusing on how colonial and apartheid legacies continue to shape policing practices, community trust, and institutional accountability. Despite democratic reforms since 1994, the South African Police Service (SAPS) faces persistent challenges including public mistrust, corruption, and ineffective oversight. These issues hinder the establishment of a legitimate and ethical policing system responsive to community needs. The research reveals that the historical context of policing, marked by control and repression, continues to influence police culture and behaviour. Community policing initiatives are inconsistently implemented and lack sufficient resources. Furthermore, political interference undermines leadership integrity and civilian oversight bodies, contributing to continued public dissatisfaction. This study integrates historical analysis with contemporary challenges, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of policing reform in South Africa. It highlights the critical role of ethical leadership, community engagement, and technology in fostering police accountability and trust. Effective police reform in South Africa requires multifaceted strategies that address historical legacies, empower community participation, and strengthen institutional oversight. By adopting inclusive and ethical policing models, South Africa can enhance public safety and advance democratic governance.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the complex relationship that exists between student academic progress and school atmosphere in South African high schools. Examining this relationship, the study aimed to pinpoint important elements of the educational setting that have a big impact on student performance. Design/Methodology/Approach The complex relationship between school atmosphere and academic achievement was investigated using a qualitative research methodology, NVivo version 14 was used for data analysis. 50 participants; teachers, students, and school principals were interviewed at Vulindlela Circuit Management Center. Findings/Results The investigation illustrated that the relationship between academic achievement and school climate was influenced by a number of important themes at the Vulindlela Circuit Management Centre. One important aspect that was shown to be positively connected with academic success was a strong sense of belonging and connection to the school community. In order to create a favorable learning environment, it was determined that teachers and students needed to have positive and encouraging connections. Practical Implications The study's conclusion is important for legislators, educators, and school administrators at Vulindlela Circuit Management Center. Implementing programs to improve student-teacher connections and encouraging good conduct and disciplining techniques are examples of practical ways. Originality/Value Offering a sophisticated grasp of the complex dynamics at work at South African high schools' Vulindlela Circuit Management Centre, this study adds to the body of knowledge already available on school climate and academic accomplishment. The results provide insightful information on how schools might strengthen their general climate and, in turn, improve student achievement.

As a significant aspect of ancient Chinese political thought, Huang-Lao ideology exerts a profound influence on political governance and social stability. The rulers of the early Han Dynasty utilized Huang-Lao’s ideology as a political concept and guiding principle to regulate and direct the exercise of power, thereby ensuring political stability and social harmony. Research on the application of Huang-Lao’s ideology in the governance practices of the early Han Dynasty reveals that it had multiple effects on the rulers’ exercise of power. This further illustrates the impact of Huang-Lao's ideology on the political behavior of the early Han rulers and can offer valuable insights for contemporary political governance.

This article is not only the individuals who convey information in line with the education needs of the 21st century; At the same time, it has been prepared based on the opinion that it should be redefined as professionals who learn, lead, empathize and use technology effectively. Educational education requires that teachers' pedagogical, psychological, ethical, technological and cultural competencies should be handled in a holistic framework. In this context, it is argued that teachers should support the continuous professional development, strengthen their emotional resistance and equip them with leadership skills that can adapt to the dynamics of the age. In addition, issues such as cultural diversity, digital transformation, ethical principles and openness to change have become inseparable parts of the professional formations of contemporary educators. The article ends with an interdisciplinary and sustainable model proposal for teacher education. In this way, it is aimed to build a system where not only students but also educators are supported.

Compliments are a common speech act in interpersonal communications that have a role in building rapport. Compliments vary greatly from culture to culture in terms of strategies and functions. Different from the compliments used in other cultures, Chinese people are concerned with face and emphasize harmony, so they often use compliments as a pragmatic strategy to build rapport. Thus, He Ziran proposes the concept of “Chinese Obligatory Compliments (COCs)” from the perspective of interpersonal pragmatics, pointing out that these are a kind of compliment response strategies (CRs) that Chinese people will make self-denigration and return compliments towards others' compliments to keep modesty and politeness in Chinese context so as to build rapport. So, this thesis aims to analyze what are COCs? What specific strategies of COCs will adopt to keep modesty so as to build rapport? How to make a retrospective analysis of COCs from socio-cultural factors? In order to address these questions, this thesis proposes an integrated model based on the Rapport Management Theory by Spencer-Oatey and the Politeness Principle by Gu Yueguo to analyze the collected data of COCs from some Chinese TV dramas. Consequently, this study finds there are four strategies of COCs as the CRs that keep polite and build rapport. Then, the COCs are interpreted from Chinese socio-cultural factors, so as to promote the localization of interpersonal pragmatics and introduce more language phenomenon with Chinese characteristics to the world.

The basic idea guiding this paper was stated in the book we published with several contributors in 2024, Creating Life Before Death: Before Disaster Strikes the Ship of State: “It is the further development of the individual that is the basis for the continued evolution of society. Attention must be paid to the individual’s awesome possibilities for continuing to grow intellectually, emotionally, and in problem-solving abilities throughout life (page 3).” We begin with an Introduction to a Sociology Course, just published by the American Sociological Association, which summarizes our basic ideas. Those ideas discuss the very long-term evolution of consciousness that began with the origin of life itself. We are confident that this is indeed possible for three reasons, to be presented in the 3 Sections to follow that course introduction: Quotations from individuals throughout history pointing in this direction; Our Own Personal Experiences in undergoing evolutionary transformations; and Our Academic Backgrounds & Relevant Publications. The next Section, Mindfulness and Kaizen, is the first of two actual procedures for carrying ever further one’s evolution of consciousness, with a focus on internal phenomena. It is one of two procedures the two of us have been using to move in a developmental direction. We see these patterns of personal behavior as ways in which anyone and everyone can learn to move in an evolutionary direction. The following Section, Evolutionary Perception and Interaction, is the second procedure we are employing in our everyday lives. Our emphasis here is on our evolution of consciousness which centers on external phenomena, including nonliving and living things as well as other people. It is the continuing reinforcement the individual can achieve throughout everyday life that makes kaizen possible. For it is that reinforcement which enables people to gain ever greater self confidence about their ability to fulfill their incredible potentials. In our final Section, How to Save the World, we present our vision of developing an effective social movement toward personal evolution. It is based on the widespread development of the evolution of consciousness to solve personal and world problems. For it is this development which can enable ever more of us to understand both the awesome potentials of every single human being as well as the procedures which can fulfill those potentials. And it is this development which can be achieved by a social movement toward personal evolution that is based on what has been learned from an analysis of the effective social movements of the past.

Market gardening is one of the agricultural sector that is fast employing people especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike the inland valleys and flood plains, market gardening in upper Wabane of the Bamboutos Mountain is peculiar as it is practiced on the slopes. It appears to face several challenges particularly for this mountain ecosystem. This study set out to a) analyse the drivers of market gardening b) examine the challenges of market gardening farmers in upper Wabane and c) livelihood management implications. Anchored on the sustainable livelihood framework, the methodology made use of questionnaires (n=130) administered in 7 villages in upper Wabane complemented by key informant interviews (n=5). Results reveal that there exists a strong positive relationship between natural drivers and market gardening and these drivers are the climate, soils and topography. It was equally noticed that market gardening challenges are significantly human factors; Lack of access to credit (66%), lack of technical know-how, poor farm to market roads and value chain difficulties (65.3%), scarcity of water (67.2%), limited land for cultivation (57%) and poor prices (52.4%). Faced with these challenges, farmer’s strategies were: use of sprinklers to water crop (46.6%) improve soil quality using fertilizer (80.4%), improve credit acquisition by creating micro-finances (63.8%), formation of farmers’ cooperatives, better water management, construction of farm to market roads, provision of assistance to farmers by the government(50%), adjusting of planting season according to the rains. Thus market gardening significantly contributes to livelihood diversification. The study therefore recommends the need to improve and modernize agriculture through the provision of subsidies and capacity building to the farming population and government intervention in price stabilization.

This qualitative study explores the barriers faced by women small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the sale of perishable vegetables, drawing on interview data and grounded theory methodology. The research identifies three major categories of barriers—structural, logistical/operational, and market-related —that systematically marginalize women entrepreneurs within agricultural value chains. These barriers are interpreted through the lens of social exclusion theory, which highlights how institutional, spatial, economic, and relational inequalities deny women access to critical resources, opportunities, and decision-making spaces. To counteract these systemic challenges, women SMEs employ adaptive and collective strategies, including collective advocacy for gender-inclusive policies, formation of women-led cooperatives, establishment of localized distribution networks, direct engagement with end-buyers, and product diversification based on customer preferences. These actions reflect resilient agency, where women reconfigure their positions within exclusionary systems rather than passively accept marginalization. Each strategy is linked to a corresponding hypothesis derived through grounded theory, offering a foundation for future quantitative testing. The study contributes theoretically by extending social exclusion theory into the domain of women’s entrepreneurship and demonstrating how bottom-up innovations can challenge structural inequities. It also provides practical insights for policymakers and development practitioners seeking to design gender-sensitive interventions that support sustainable inclusion of women in agricultural markets.

Uttarakhand is famously known as the land of Gods and has numerous religious destinations and spiritual centers. Although the State has unique distinctiveness regarding aesthetic beauty and natural therapeutic landscapes, it has yet to promote itself as a hub for religious and spiritual niche tourism. The study is qualitative based on secondary data. The study is explanatory in nature that explains the causes and consequences of the emergence of spiritual and religious tourism in Uttarakhand. It aims to analyze its potential to creation of hub and evaluate the motivations of pilgrims. It undertakes Swoc analysis and assess the socio-economic and environmental impact.