The status and classification of the Besermyan language, spoken by the northwest Udmurt Republic’s Cheptsa River residents, demand further investigation. The literature presents conflicting views, referring to it as a dialect or subdialect of Udmurt or a distinct language. The origin of Besermyan also sparks debate. While most contemporary linguists view it as a Udmurt dialect, others, like Y. Wichmann, suggest that the Besermyans are Tatars who assimilated into Udmurt culture. Studies examining the lexical and phonetic distinctions between contemporary Besermyan dialects and literary Udmurt, as well as other Udmurt dialects, have revealed that the core vocabulary of Besermyan is remarkably similar to literary Udmurt (94% of words from the 100-word Swadesh list coincide with each other). However, significant phonetic variations have been identified between Besermyan dictionaries and the audio dictionaries of Udmurt dialects. To comprehend what constitutes innovation—whether it’s the similarity in vocabulary or the differences in phonetics—this article will first examine the earliest Besermyan dictionaries, compiled in the 19th century, from the viewpoint of their graphics and lexical variations compared to dictionaries and concordances of other dialects created during the same era. Subsequently, the morphological dictionaries of Besermyan and other contemporary Udmurt dialects, as well as the literary language, will be analyzed, as morphology is thought to most accurately capture archaic similarities and differences. The graphical analysis of the earliest Besermyan dictionaries shows that in the 19th century, Besermyan was even closer to the northern and central Udmurt dialects than to the southern ones. A comparison of morphological affixes has also confirmed this conclusion. The innovative phonetic features of modern Besermyan dialects likely emerged over the last 150 years due to contact influences and cannot be used as a basis for the genetic classification of Besermyan.

Quality control consists of several multifaceted responsibilities and roles that are critical in measuring and testing to determine product quality. It requires statistical data to be recorded during the production process. Quality control uses specific research tools to accomplish fact-finding processes and conduct analyses. It is the role of a quality control professional to analyse these measures against some standards put in place to determine the quality of products. The standards depend on the quality management department, company policies, and industrial regulatory bodies. Based on this evidence-gathering, the quality control department will recommend changes. The role of administrators and managers in industries is to monitor the performance of employees effectively to ensure they are completing tasks according to company procedures. The department reviews data to identify and resolve risks to the organisation's quality standards. To provide training to employees on quality assurance principles and practices. The role of a quality assurance administrator is to create the documentation for the quality processes of an organisation. Their job is to collect and analyse data and create metrics to measure the results and efficiency of quality assurance procedures. With the rise of global competitiveness and the growing need for higher education institutions to meet international standards, QA frameworks have become essential. In developing countries, however, challenges arise from resource constraints, limited employee engagement, and often unstructured governance. The existing studies reveal that cognitive information is lacking hence there is a situation where university employees fail to significantly identify the roles of quality assurance directors in Ugandan universities. The findings contribute to improving higher education institutions' internal processes, policy formulation, and employee empowerment strategies, ensuring sustainable quality outcomes. This article further aims to share the roles and importance of the directorate of quality assurance in universities and other organisations.

“Social work is a professional practice that promotes social change, development, and empowerment. It focuses on addressing challenges and fostering well-being within individuals and communities. According to the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), social work "promotes social change, problem-solving in human relationships, and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being”. The field integrates theories of human behaviour and social systems, utilizing various methods such as case work, group work, and most importantly, community organization to bring about societal improvements.”

The aim of our research is to explore the correlation between artificial intelligence and the academic environment in the context of complying with and upholding academic ethics norms. Today, the ideals of the academic community are undergoing significant changes. The concept and values of the university are being transformed with the introduction and active enforcement of ethical norms. Over the past two decades, ethical regulations have been developed and expanded in universities, professor and student unions, and research institutions: ethical codes have emerged, and ethics committees have been established. International documents regarding the reorganization of higher education also include moral and ethical requirements for the academic community. In the last twenty years, modern universities and higher education institutions around the world have adopted ethics codes or other documents with ethical content. Universities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Asia have implemented ethics regulatory systems, including ethics committees, commissions, applied ethics research centers, complaints centers, and other regulatory mechanisms. Ten to twenty years ago, ethical codes and regulations were rare in universities, but now this trend has become the norm. Most leading universities adopted ethics or conduct codes by the end of the 21st century. All of these facts indicate that the topic of academic ethics and its practical aspects is highly relevant. The debate over the values and ideals of the academic community has been ongoing since the Enlightenment. Philosophers of that time reflected on these issues in their works, expressing views on organizational culture, customs, traditions, and the ideals of the academic community (Diderot, Kant). In the 19th and 20th centuries, the idea of the university and its core values became the subject of study for authors such as Fichte, Nietzsche, Humboldt, Fischer, Schopenhauer, Weber, Ortega y Gasset, Heidegger, Derrida, Jaspers, John Dewey, and others. Simultaneously, the modern stage of society's development, including the academic community, is unfolding alongside the formation of a technological worldview and rapid development. It is noteworthy that, with the diffusion of dynamic technologies and the progress of artificial intelligence (AI), the post-COVID era is promoting the intensive development of new AI tools and their application in various spheres of human life, including education and science. The Council of Europe defines artificial intelligence as "a combination of sciences, theories, and technologies aimed at replicating human cognitive abilities in machines. Given the current state of development, AI means delegating complex intellectual tasks, traditionally performed by humans, to machines." [1]. AI has become a significant part of the surrounding reality. The rapid increase in research and the high level of interest from the scientific community emphasize the need to develop a general methodology for studying AI as an independent interdisciplinary scientific field. This necessity is driven by the need for a systematic framework to address research problems using the best and most accessible methods available, in line with the goals and objectives of the research. This methodology distinguishes science from the so-called "common sense" of everyday ideas. Building theoretical models is the main strength of science, allowing us to consider the heuristic validation of a theory as a criterion for truth in understanding the adequacy of reality descriptions. AI technologies are evolving rapidly, becoming popular, and have already been integrated into the educational processes of universities worldwide, including in Georgia. The high quality of work produced by AI tools (such as Chat GPT) has gained popularity among students, leading to its widespread use. This raises the question: What constitutes AI plagiarism? Can the unauthorized borrowing or use of AI-generated materials be considered plagiarism? The objective of the research is to examine the aspects that define the academic community's understanding of academic ethics in relation to the problem of plagiarism. Additionally, the study analyzes issues related to copyright ethics and AI-generated plagiarism. The research aims to highlight the key aspects that shape the understanding of academic society, including students' views on the relationship between artificial intelligence, academic ethics, and academic integrity. The research questions include: How relevant is the protection of copyright, authorial ethics, and AI plagiarism in the preparation and completion of academic assignments in university settings? What is the general attitude of the academic community toward compliance with authorial ethics and the problem of plagiarism when using AI tools in the academic environment? Are there any standards for preventing AI plagiarism? Importantly, at the level of individual countries and major tech companies, special bodies are already being established to promote ethical standards in technology. For example, in Europe, there are ethics commissions in the field of AI. The monitoring of ethical standards in specific companies is carried out by individual specialists. In 2021, the first ethical code for AI was developed by leading European companies and universities. Is this approach considered in Georgia's university space? To answer these questions, the research employs methods of analogy, typological studies, and pragmatic analysis. The study presents recommendations for strengthening the policies of educational institutions regarding copyright ethics protection and AI plagiarism prevention among the academic community and students.

Artificial intelligence (AI), one of technological advancements to impact in day today’s lives, is being adopted or used for teaching and learning English language. Unlike developed countries such as the U.S.A and China which have AI-led technology for effective Teaching Learning with AI- powered tools, a few schools in Uzbekistan have only prioritized use of AI- powered tools. However, issues are yet to address while adopting AI assisted teaching aids. This paper aims at discussing potential issues while integrating AI- powered Language Teaching technologies in classrooms. Much of discussions presented in this papers is purely based on the speaker’s five month observations at School 205, Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent. Most importantly, potential BWA (Before, While and After) issues while incorporating the AI -assisted teaching tools in classrooms. B- issues include funding of Public authorities, conventional attitude and belief towards technology, ethical and social concerns and lack of increased trainings for teachers for optimized teaching- learning. W(hile) potential issues consists of heavy and sophisticated link with intelligent algorithm, malfunctioning or disruption of technology, incorrect outputs due to supply of inaccurate data etc. A(fter)- issues include shortage of AI specialists, passivation of AI tools, less monitoring, unrewarding etc.

Literature lives orally, that is, literature that is spread in an unwritten form conveyed by oral means from generation to generation. One of the existing Balinese folktales (satua) is Katuturan I Bojog Teken I Sangsiah. This satua is one of the cultural heritages of the Balinese people that has character education values that can be an initial formula for providing character education and learning local languages. The method used in this research is the ADDIE method: analysis, design, development, and implementation. Assisted by government facilities in the form of laptops for students, researchers can create interactive multimedia learning. The main feature of this interactive multimedia is that users can enjoy the illustration of Satua Bali's "I Bojog Teken I Sangsiah" with various other features such as animation, games, and voice narration. This research results in a Windows-based interactive multimedia application for Satua Bali "I Bojog Teken I Sangsiah".

This article aims to improve the competitiveness of local products of Raya Honey Sibetan, an MSME in Bali, through motion graphic videos as promotional media. It was found that the low participation of teenagers in buying Raya Honey Sibetan honey products was due to the lack of information and ineffective promotion. Therefore, the Design Thinking approach was used in the process of designing an attractive and informative motion graphic video for the target audience of teenagers aged 18-22 years. This approach includes Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Testing stages, to understand the needs of the audience, develop creative ideas, create video prototypes, and test the feasibility of the video. The results show that this motion graphic video is able to increase teenagers' awareness and interest in honey products, with the test results obtaining a feasibility level of 93.28% which is categorized as “Very Good.” This motion graphic video is expected to be an effective promotional media to expand market reach and increase the competitiveness of local products in the digital marketing era.

Background: Depression significantly impacts quality of life. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a psychotherapy method for addressing various psychological disorders. However, most studies focus on face-to-face SFBT for specific populations, lacking research on remote SFBT’s effectiveness in a broader population. Objective: This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of remote SFBT for depression, providing intervention options for underserved areas. Method: 73 novice counselors underwent an 18-week SFBT training. A randomized controlled trial with 132 participants assigned to SFBT or a control group followed.  The trained counselors provided SFBT interventions to the participants in the intervention group after the training. Results: Training significantly improved counselors' solution-focused thinking (F=428.7, P<0.001). The SFBT group had significantly lower depression scores post-intervention compared to the control group (F=15.4, P<0.001) and pre-intervention (F=66.1, P<0.001), with reduced levels maintained one month later. Conclusion: SFBT training enhances novice counselors' skills, and remote SFBT effectively alleviates depression symptoms.

This paper investigates the multidimensional concept of religious devotion and its’ diverse dimensions among migrant Muslims in Daegu, South Korea, during the mosque construction conflict. There were concerns raised by local Koreans about noise, dust, potential impacts on property, and cultural values. It explains the significance of religious devotion for the migrant Muslims, shedding light on daily prayer rituals, preferred locations, and devotion to Islamic practices during the mosque conflict. We used the qualitative research method. The study reveals that religious devotion is integral to the lives of most of the respondents, despite numerous challenges. The paper incorporates perspectives from scholars like William James and Emile Durkheim to provide and understanding of religious devotion and its’ varied dimensions. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the conflict’s effects on religious devotion in Daegu. The research underscores the need for further investigation into the mosque construction issue, alteration in religious commitment, and active stakeholder involvement to ensure fairness, inclusion, diversity, and multiculturalism.

This study examines the perceptions and needs of educators at the Faculty of Foreign Languages regarding academic services and scientific research, based on a questionnaire completed by 22 educators. The aim of this study is to identify areas where the resources, support, and infrastructure provided by the institution can be improved to better support academic and research activities. The analysis of the collected data provides a clear overview of the educators' viewpoints and suggests strategies for enhancing research and educational capacities. The study is part of a project funded by the University of Tirana, aiming to integrate new and innovative methods in scientific research in the field of foreign language teaching. This study has been conducted as part of the project 'Interdisciplinary Integration of Scientific Research in the Field of Foreign Language Teaching - Increasing Scientific Research Capacities,' funded by the University of Tirana in Albania, under the framework of the project 'UT-Research, Excellence, and Innovation.' Its content is the responsibility of the author, and the views expressed therein are not necessarily those of University of Tirana .

Various studies have examined different aspects of organisational values, such as value-based leadership behaviours, ethical leadership, and the impact of these values on employee performance and governance. However, there is little research evidence on the aspects of the roles of intelectual capital as a mediating factor in the influence of value-based leadership on the performance. Many scholars have previously focused on a number of variables and how they influence performance but with more focus on individual employee performance at the expense of the mediating effect of employee attitude on the impact of value-based leadership on overall organisational performance. Moreover, in Kenya, since the advent of devolution in 2013, a number of management scholars have studied performance but with little focus on the link between value-based leadership and its influence on the performance of County Governments in Kenya. This study set out to examine three issues around the overall objective of the influence of value based leadership on performance of County Governments in Kenya. This included; To determine the influence of VBL on performance of County Governments, To establish mediating role of employee attitude in the relationship between VBL and performance of County Governments, and To examine moderating role of intellectual capital on the relationship between VBL and performance of County Governments. The study was guided by Resource-Based View Theory (RBVT), Social Exchange Theory (SET), and Social Learning Theory (SLT) and used mixed methods design employing the use of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies and tools and collected data from purposively sampled respondents from the 47 county secretaries and 47 chairpersons of County Public Service Boards. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis, while Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics by way of means and standard deviations as well as inferential models including simple regression analysis. The study finds that intellectual capital, comprising elements such as knowledge, skills, experience, and adaptability, had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between Value-Based Leadership and county performance.

Cities all over the world and particularly in the developing countries are experiencing problems of increasing motorization, severe congestion, pollution, safety concerns, insufficient transport infrastructure and socio-economic exclusion. This study seeks to examine the vulnerability of different demographic groups to the state of public transport and develops a conceptual framework on how susceptible and exposed they are to the conditions of public transport (PT) in Bamenda. In order to achieve this objective, a cross-sectional research design was used in which quantitative and qualitative data was collected and analysed. Systematic field surveys via the administration of 400 questionnaires within different demographic groups, focused group discussions and structured interviews with household heads and urban transport agents were conducted. Collected data was analysed descriptively and quantitatively. Findings showed that the majority (52%) of the population make use of PT on a daily basis for work, school, business, employment, social and other purposes. The most preferred means include taxi (65.50), motor cycle (41.75%) and bus (20.50%). There is poor neighbourhood coverage (51%) of PT services and most of the residents considered PT as unaffordable because taxi is expensive especially over short distances of between 0-2km (61.76%, 29.41% and 8.82% for Bamenda I, II and III respectively). The majority of the population (38%) equally feel unsafe using PT especially within the context of the on-gong socio-political crisis in the area, while the majority (51%) further rated the overall condition of PT vehicles to be poor. The most vulnerable demographic group to the currently poor conditions of PT include the individuals with disabilities (30%), the elderly/older persons (60+) (25%), women (2%), lowly paid workers and unemployed people (29%) and students/pupils (14%), who continue to experience key challenges including poor service quality, unaffordability, health/safety concerns, congestion and delays and the absence of zebra crossing. The identified indicators of the poor PT conditions include health and safety concerns (13%), inadequate access to PT facilities (7%), long waiting/movement time (14%), poverty/lack of finance (23%), inaccessibility by individuals with disabilities (6%) and inadequate of PT facilities (37%). All these have caused the vulnerable populations to be highly exposed to the current state of PT in the city. The study develops a conceptual framework on how susceptible and exposed specific demographic groups are to the poor conditions of PT in the area which equally suggest how PT could be improved upon in order to better serve these groups in the future.

This paper builds on the key ideas advanced in two editions of Creating Life Before Death (2020 and 2024) as well as eight articles published during and since that period. Its focus is on answering two questions. Exactly how can anyone move away from a lifetime of personal conformity to a bureaucratic life with its focus on hierarchy so as to fulfill one’s incredible intellectual, emotional and problem-solving potentials? And how is it possible for contemporary societies to avoid the worldwide catastrophes of nuclear war, climate disasters, or other worldwide problems, and proceed to reach for the stars? The paper begins with an INTRODUCTION, centering on the basic problem of the human race, as discussed by the Buddha 2500 years ago: the deep frustration linked to the gap between what people want and actually are able to get. Following the analysis of the senior author and a co-author in The Invisible Crisis of Contemporary Society, that gap is continuing to increase as the result of our continuing technological revolutions. Yet the good news is that each of us can develop a Vision of our own continuing development or evolution. That, in turn, can yield the basis for actions which will work, over time, toward addressing our double crisis. As for the first crisis, in a second section, ACHIEVING PERSONAL EVOLUTION, we center on ten procedures anyone can use to reward or reinforce oneself, thus moving toward an increasingly confident self -image. This achievement, when coupled with an evolutionary vision, yields the basis for continuing personal development. A third section, SOLVING WORLD PROBLEMS, addresses our second crisis. As personal evolution spreads throughout societies, it yields increasing productivity and greater ability to solve world problems. These solutions are possible because they move us away from the narrow specialization with little integration of knowledge with respect to human behavior that is characteristic of our bureaucratic way of life. Instead, they move us toward a powerful and interdisciplinary science of human behavior. To our knowledge, these solutions to personal and world problems have never been advanced previously. We follow Confucius: “It is man that can make the Way great; and not the Way that can make man great.

This elaborate paper explores the lack of mediation and reunification for Black Crown wards and their families. The researchers took sources of literature and information from a variety of databases to get a handle on what the authors are saying about reunification for Black Crown wards. Examples of the search engines and data maps were from ProQuest, EBSCO, Google Scholars, and some other grey materials that were highly related to the subject area since is a green area of research in academia. In all 250 articles were sorted but only 45 had similar to the researchers area of interest in relation to this sensitive research topic. Data collected for this PRP confirms hypotheses around child welfare and some of the inadequacies and challenges that Black Crown ward survivors face. There is lack of family restoration in Black Crown ward cases. Some survivors do not want reunification, while others want it. For those who want or/and need reunification, there is a gap of help that exists in their lives. Lack of therapy and counseling has meant more trauma and unresolved feelings for all involved. The narratives relayed by the participants all point to the inadequacies of the social care system. The child welfare system is insufficient in providing seamless support to Black Crown ward survivors.

The researchers dissected and opened up some of the methodological conundrums that were part of the main research work. The researchers outline the methods used in this Practice-based Research Paper (PRP), linking them together and presented the demographics of the participants. Using the interview technique and the theoretical framework of narrative inquiry and phenomenology, the author analyzed data pertaining to the inadequacies of the child welfare system. These are some of the themes that emerged from the data: cultural competency, systematic barriers, poverty, affordable daycare, housing, employment, lack of counseling or therapy, burnout of workers, and large caseloads. These themes point to the complexity of being a child protection worker or Black Crown ward. Based on participants’ data, this research confirms that there is a gap in the reunification process of child welfare and families. As confirmed by participants, there still needs to be more work done within systems of child welfare, education, immigration, and other social services.

HIV/AIDS remains a significant health crisis, especially in high-prevalence regions such as Botswana and Eswatini. To address this, both countries have used formal and nonformal education to raise awareness, prevent transmission, and reduce stigmatization associated with the virus. Formal education in Botswana, for instance, has been adapted to increase years in schooling, thus enhancing student exposure to HIV/AIDS information. Eswatini introduced Comprehensive Sexual Education (CSE) and life skills programs, supported by financial incentives to mitigate enrollment barriers. Both nations have also collaborated extensively with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), which provide nonformal educational support through testing, treatment, counseling, and community-based programs. These NGOs address educational and financial barriers for vulnerable populations, including children orphaned by HIV/AIDS, and employ community-centered initiatives to reduce stigma. This study assesses the combined influence of formal education and NGO-led nonformal initiatives within these countries’ unique sociocultural and economic frameworks. Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory is applied to examine how educational interventions are shaped by multiple levels of social influence, such as family, community, and broader cultural values. Through examining both countries' approaches to HIV/AIDS education, this paper highlights the potential for integrated educational efforts in managing public health crises within diverse contexts.

This study examines the major challenges faced by tomato cultivators in the Khawzawl cluster of Mizoram, categorizing these constraints into four primary areas: technical, labor and economic, marketing, and agro-biological. By utilizing the Garrett Ranking Method, the research quantifies and ranks the severity of each constraint as perceived by farmers, offering a systematic understanding of the key obstacles to productivity and profitability. Findings reveal that technical challenges, particularly limited ICT literacy and inadequate processing infrastructure, significantly hinder efficiency. Economic constraints, such as limited access to finance, crop insurance, and high labor costs, exacerbate the financial vulnerability of farmers. Marketing constraints, including price volatility, exploitation by middlemen, and inadequate storage facilities, further reduce profitability and market stability for tomato cultivators. Agro-biological issues, such as erratic rainfall, pest infestations, and soil fertility, adversely affect crop yield and quality. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to address these constraints, recommending measures such as digital literacy programs, infrastructure investment, cooperative marketing systems, and improved pest management practices. By prioritizing these constraints according to their impact, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers and agricultural stakeholders, suggesting strategic actions to foster a more resilient, productive, and sustainable tomato farming sector in the region. These findings serve as a foundation for future efforts to improve agricultural practices, enhance economic stability, and support rural livelihoods in Mizoram.

Objective. The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the language of the Gaina Bashkirs of the Bardymsky District of the Perm Territory on the basis of the field materials of the expedition organised in the summer of 2023. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that the peculiarities of the language of the Gainin Bashkirs of this region are studied in it from the point of view of the impact of socio-cultural and socio-political changes on them, as well as the identification of their specific features. Materials and methods. The linguistic material collected from the mouths of informants from over thirty localities of the above-mentioned region was subjected to comparative, perceptual, contextual and component analyses. Results. It was established that the language of the Gainin people is very original and differs from the dialects of the Bashkir and Tatar languages to a considerable extent by preserving ancient linguistic features, especially phonetic and morphological ones.