This writing aims to describe the concept of santri spirituality or efforts to develop santri spirituality, which is implemented through riyadhah-riyadhah kyai with santri in Islamic boarding schools. Since ancient times, Islamic boarding schools have been one of the important pillars in the world of Indonesian education and culture. Islamic boarding schools are traditional educational institutions that play a big role in making students intelligent in the life of the nation and state. From the womb of Islamic boarding schools were born figures with spiritual education (tarbiyah ruhiyyah) including "highly nutritious nutrition" which is really needed by healthy humans so that they do not move away from the guidance of Allah SWT. In this way, it is hoped that one's life will not experience disorientation, which could result in someone tending to be materialist, secular, hedonistic, and so on. Spiritual education can make the heart and mind healthy, so that attitudes and behavior become noble and rabbani, not animalistic and shaithani (behaving like animals and demons).

The investigation delved into the correlation existing between the supervision provided by principals and the productivity of teachers in Secondary Schools situated in Kwara State. The research design employed was of a descriptive survey nature. In terms of scope, the population encompassed all 243 principals and 5,460 teachers within the Kwara State, Nigeria post. To ensure a manageable sample size, 600 teachers and 30 principals from a total of 30 public secondary schools in Kwara State were selected for participation in the study. The process of sample selection followed a meticulous Multi-stage sampling procedure to guarantee representation across different settings. "Principal Supervision Questionnaire (PSQ)" and the "Teacher Productivity Questionnaire (TPQ)" were used to gather pertinent information. These instruments underwent validation process conducted by specialist in Educational Management to ensure their reliability and effectiveness. Through the employment of the test re-test method, PSQ and TPQ exhibited favorable reliability coefficients of 0.79 and 0.85 respectively, indicating their consistency in measuring the intended variables. The data analysis entailed the application of inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The outcomes of the study unveiled a statistically significant association between the level of principal supervision and the resulting productivity of teachers within the school environment. The study ultimately showed that the efficacy of principals' supervision directly influences the productivity levels of teachers. It is thus advised that principals should prioritize the establishment of conflict resolution mechanisms within schools to facilitate swift and effective conflict resolution processes whenever the need arises.

This study thoroughly examines the feasibility of community homestay models in Uttarakhand, providing detailed case studies of various projects across the region. It discerns the inherent prospects and challenges within these community-driven initiatives. Utilizing real-life examples, the research highlights the potential advantages of these models, such as economic empowerment, cultural interchange, and fostering sustainable tourism. Nevertheless, it also uncovers a range of obstacles, spanning from infrastructural constraints to marketing and community engagement issues. Drawing from these insights, the study proposes strategic recommendations to bolster the efficiency and endurance of community homestay programs in Uttarakhand. By addressing both opportunities and hindrances, this research enriches the dialogue on community-led tourism development and offers pragmatic guidance for stakeholders and policymakers.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminthes infections (STHs) are among the most widely recognized infections among pupils in developing countries. This study investigated soil-transmitted helminthic infections among primary school children and the distribution of helminthes eggs in soil samples from selected primary schools in Ukum Local Government Area, Benue State. Methodology: Soil and faecal samples were collected from the school environment and pupils respectively. The soil samples were analyzed using floatation technique while Kato-Katz technique was used to examine the faecal samples. Results: The total prevalence was 85.6% (154 pupils out of 180 that were examined were infected), Taenia species and Ascaris lumbricoides had the highest prevalence than hookworm and Trichuris trichiura 32%, 29%, 18%b and 11% respectively. The prevalence of STH were highest in L.G. A. Primary school and God’s Heritage Nursery and Primary School (17.6% and 16% respectively). However, the results did not differ statistically (P>0.05). Fifty seven percent (57%) of the helminthes eggs recovered from soil samples were that of Ascaria lumbricoides while Taena spp and Hookworm were 35% and 8% respectively.most of thehelminthes eggs recovered from soil samples are from the samples collected around the toilet areas. This in an indication that open defication is practiced by the pupils. Conclusion: Open defecation should be discouraged and there should be a routine deworming exercise for the pupils in the study. The toilet facility in the schools are pit toilets, efforts should be made to provide the schools with water closets.

Phytochemicals obtained from various plants part like leaves, seed, seed, flowers, barks, roots, and pulps are normally utilised as a lead compound in various diseases treatment. Since ancient times, secondary metabolites are well known and utilized in treatment of diseases like analgesic, diabetes, asthma, anti-inflammatory, cancer, and also serve as alternatives for hormone therapy worldwide. The current review objective is to highlight the medicinal potency of bioactive constituents, chemical diversity, and utilization of medicinal plant products, isolation, identification, characterisation which requires vast analytical examination involving expert utilizing cutting edge analytical procedure, and instrumentations.

In the central Rif, as well as in all regions of Morocco, the issue of women is of capital importance, because it constitutes an essential indicator of their real development. Rural women play an important role in various areas of life. They are the pillar of the family, without which society cannot exist. In addition, they contribute to building the family economy by working outside the home or as organizers of this economy. This study aims to highlight the reality of rural women in the central Rif of the province of Al Hoceima, through their social and economic empowerment, as well as through the extent of their contribution to economic activity and its impact on territorial development. It has been shown that the efforts made by local actors specialized in the development of rural women remain weak to improve the situation of rural women and their social and economic integration. While we conclude that income from the cannabis plant contributed, albeit relatively, to the improvement of the condition of women. Furthermore, income from cannabis cultivation is not reflected in the social and economic lives of women in relation to the major tasks they perform.

Ramsey’s fictional, fictitious definitions concerning Keynes’s logical theory of probability do not exist in the A Treatise on Probability. Ramsey simply made them up and invented them out of thin air. No philosopher, historian, economist, social scientist or academician in either the 20th or 21st centuries has been able to come to this conclusion. Ramsey’s entire position is that Keynes’s relational, propositional logic, as presented in his A Treatise on Probability, involves the logical analysis of unrelated, irrelevant propositions. This is simply pure nonsense ,since the very title of Keynes’s approach, as defined by Boole in chapter I of his The Laws of Thought in 1854,requires the propositions to be related .Ramsey’s “My carpet is blue; Napoleon was a great general “is made up of two unrelated propositions and is, hence, eliminated from consideration. However, four philosophers did publish warnings that demonstrated that the basic foundation of Ramsey’s critique of logical probability was based on absurdities like the carpet, Napoleon example above. Unfortunately, they never explicitly identified Ramsey as the target of their warning. Therefore, readers of the works containing their warnings had no idea about who was being identified. The result is that Ramsey’s nutty types of examples that supposedly demonstrate the severe problems with logical probability, such as “My carpet is blue, Napoleon was a great general” or “This is round, that is red”, became unanimously accepted examples of what was wrong with logical probability. The best, most recent, examples of this are in Clarke (2023) and Gerrard (2023). I believe that it is highly probable that the Ramsey Myth ,as constructed by R B Braithwaite and published by the intellectually deficient economist ,Donald Moggridge, as an editorial foreword placed at the very front of the 1973 CWJMK edition of Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability, could have been stopped dead in its tracks if Ramsey had been clearly identified as the writer making up absurdities like “My carpet is blue, Napoleon was a great general.” as being representative of logical probability constructs.