All Articles
Original Article123 downloads
SALE OF GOODS ACTS OF GHANA: A MODEL FROM THE PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS (PICC)Background:
The primary purpose of International commercial law is to provide a regulatory framework for businesses engaged in cross-border transactions. It standardizes legal regulations, ensuring predictability and fairness in international trade and commerce.
Methodology:
The authors of this article analyzed, reviewed and made a synergistic approach comparing peer reviewed papers written on principles of International commercial law with a taste of measured and concise critiques where the need arouse. Search engine such us google scholar, research gates, pub med for highly sort out and accredited works published were reviewed and those that suited the research article were studied. In all the authors studied about 150 peer reviewed articles and used about 15 books on the subject area.
Results:
Commercial law focuses on the sale and distribution of goods and transaction financing. Business law focuses on the legal needs of forming a company and property issues such as leasing office space. Corporate law is a subspecialty of commercial law and focuses on the legal matters of large corporations, such as mergers and acquisitions. Corporate law is a subspecialty of commercial law and focuses on the legal matters of large corporations, such as mergers and acquisitions.
Conclusion:
The researchers concurred and attested to the fact that the key principles of International commercial law shall always include the principle of freedom of contract, pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept), lex mercatoria (the law of merchants), and the principle of fairness and good faith. These principles aim to facilitate global trade efficiently and equitably.
Original Article482 downloads
EVOLUTION AND GROWTH OF PAYMENT SYSTEMS IN THE DIGITAL AGEChanges in technology brings in changes in the way we live and that holds true for every aspect of human living. With such change in technology our banking habits and needs have evolved as well. And the paper throws light on some interesting recent data siphoned from the rbi reports. We studied the dynamics of modern credit payment systems in terms of their volume and values on year-on-year basis from 2018 -19 to 2022-23. The data indicated some interesting revelations as to how successful the modern child of digital banking namely UPI really is and how all the credit payments faired against each other in this technological race. Some thrived and grew and some even went extinct. We also see how NEFT payment system has been so potent in carrying retail transactions of larger absolute amount. Overall, a great picture is seen on all round basis for the development of India and its financial inclusion of larger population.
Original Article43 downloads
Supply Chain Finance Innovation and Corporate Profitability-Based on the Impact of Social ResponsibilityThis study explores the intersection of supply chain finance innovation and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their collective impact on corporate profitability. With the rapid development of supply chain finance and the increasing emphasis on CSR, understanding how these factors influence each other and contribute to business success has become crucial. The research aims to analyze the role of supply chain finance innovations, such as factoring, reverse factoring, and receivables financing, in enhancing corporate profitability. Additionally, it examines how CSR can moderate this relationship by improving corporate reputation and potentially boosting the effectiveness of financial innovations. By integrating theoretical analysis with case studies, the paper identifies key patterns and outcomes of successful and unsuccessful applications of supply chain finance and CSR. The findings offer valuable insights for businesses seeking to balance financial innovation with social responsibility to achieve sustainable growth and profitability.
Original Article372 downloads
Strategic Leadership and Innovation: Navigating the Challenges of Modern Business ManagementThis paper discussed the important role of strategic leadership in the innovation process in contemporary business management. On this regard, strategic leadership can be viewed as a leading force or driver for innovation. The study aimed at answering how leadership involvement influences the adoption of new ideas and the degree of innovation amongst professionals. It applied a quantitative research design using a validated survey instrument, with 50 respondents from different industries. The questions included measurements for the openness of the respondents to innovation, their creativeness in solving problems, and their leadership involvement in their organizations. Data gathered from the surveys were analyzed in terms of the distribution of the levels of innovations of the respondents and how leadership involvement correlated with innovation adoption. The findings of the study obtained a very significant difference in the level of innovation, grouped into five classes of diffusers, including Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, and Laggards/Traditionalists. To be more specific, among them, 20% were Innovators, while 30% of the respondents were Early Adopters, 20% were Early Majority, 20% Late Majority, and the remaining 10% were Laggards/Traditionalists. This distribution suggests that, while a significant portion of the population is easily open to new ideas and tends to try them first, there is another equally significant fraction that remains more circumspect and more likely to continue doing things the conventional way. Leadership involvement was very strongly correlated with increased innovation. This means that the more the respondents were involved in organizational leadership matters, the higher they scored on the innovation scale, thus denoting a greater disposition toward new ideas and an initiator of change within their respective teams. Using these data, the researchers rejected two null hypotheses: first, there is no significant difference in the level of innovation among the respondents; and second, there is no significant relationship between leadership involvement and adoption of new ideas. The study concludes that strategic leadership development and a culture supportive and rewarding of innovation are prerequisites for any organization in the current fast-moving and changing business environment. It enables the business to harness its resources to better navigate modern markets and sustain long-term success. This includes recommendations for programs on leadership training focused on innovation and initiatives that encourage creative thinking and experimentation within teams.
Original Article186 downloads
The Influence of Islamic Values on Social Entrepreneurship Intentions: The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Education and Previous ExperiencePurpose– The aim of this study is not only to find out the influence of Islamic values on social entrepreneurship intentions but also to analyze the role of entrepreneurial education and previous experience in strengthening the influences of Islamist values against social entreprenorial intentions. Grand theories used are Ajzen's TPB theory, Becker's human capital theory and Bandura's social cognitive theory.
Methodology– The research method used is the Explanatory Survey. The sample was taken from a population of Muslim students in Bandung consisting of students of ITB, UPi and UIN, the size of the sample is 250 respondents. Data is aggregated using a numerical scale lift. Data analysis techniques use a Structural Equation Model (SEM) path analysis with the help of Smart PLS version 3.
Findings – Research results show that there is a positive and significant influence between Islamic values on the intensity of social entrepreneurship. Education in entrepreneurship moderates the influence of Islamic values on the intensity of social enterprise.
Originality– It is recommended to increase the renewal of the entrepreneurship curriculum to include aspects of Islamic values. Added valuable references to the theory of TPB, HC and SCT in particular related to Islamic values in Muslim students Bandung.
Original Article157 downloads
E-Government and the Anti-Corruption Perception Index Before and During the PandemicThis study aims to demonstrate the impact of the pandemic on e-government and the Anti-Corruption Perception Index globally. The result of the study, consist of two main point. The first, there were differences in e-government before and during the pandemic, although no such differences were observed in the Anti-Corruption Perception Index. The second, the study also reveals, that the pandemic make the influence of e-government on the Anti-Corruption Perception Index weakened worldwide.
Original Article34 downloads
An Analysis of Saving and Debt Decisions in Developing CountriesFinancial literacy plays an important role in improving personal financial management and protecting households from financial instability. This study examines the impact of financial literacy on household financial decision-making in developing countries. It highlights that financial problems are not only caused by low income but also by poor financial planning and improper use of credit. Despite the growing number of financial literacy programs, many people in developing nations still lack adequate financial knowledge.The study analyses the relationship between financial literacy, financial preferences, and decisions related to savings and debt management. The findings show that financial literacy has a strong positive influence on saving behaviour, encouraging individuals to make better financial choices. However, its impact on debt management is relatively weaker. Financial education programs are found to be effective in the short term, but their long-term impact is uncertain.
The study also reveals that financial literacy and its effects differ across various socio-economic groups, indicating the need for customized policy measures. Overall, the research emphasizes the importance of improving financial literacy to enhance financial inclusion, stability, and informed decision-making among households in developing countries.
Original Article4 downloads
Volatility, Seasonality, and Tomato Price Forecasting in Kupang City: Implications for Regional Price StabilisationTomatoes are a strategic horticultural commodity whose price instability has a direct impact on farmers' incomes, consumer purchasing power, and regional inflation, especially in cities in eastern Indonesia that depend on supply from outside the region. This study aims to characterize the dynamics, volatility, and seasonal patterns of tomato prices in Kupang City, compare the accuracy of forecasting exponential smoothing models, moving averages, and linear trends, and compile price forecasts for 2024. The data used are monthly retail prices for the period January 2019 to December 2023 (n = 60) sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of East Nusa Tenggara Province. All accuracy measures were calculated strictly on the basis of one-step forward forecasting using mean absolute deviation, mean squared error, root mean squared error, and mean absolute percentage error. The results showed an overall coefficient of variation of 26.41 percent, with the highest price of IDR 24,792 per kilogram occurring in January 2023 and the lowest price of IDR 7,083 per kilogram in October 2019. The most dominant feature of this series is the very strong annual seasonal cycle, where the seasonal index moves from 68.9 in September to 128.2 in April with a range of fifty-nine index points. The Dickey-Fuller augmented test rejects the unit root hypothesis so that data differentiation is not necessary. The slope coefficient of the linear trend is positive but not statistically significant and only explains 0.56 percent of price diversity. Among the three methods defined, exponential smoothing with a smoothing constant of 0.95 is the most accurate model with a mean absolute percentage error of 16.79 percent, followed by a two-period moving average of 19.63 percent and a linear trend of 23.71 percent. The inclusion of seasonal indices into the exponential smoothing model substantially reduced the error to 12.12 percent. The recommended forecast for 2024 ranges from IDR 9,698 per kilogram in September to IDR 18,041 per kilogram in April. These findings show that seasonality, not trends, should be the basis for analysis and policy for tomato price management in Kupang City.