The Sino-Pak strategic Cooperation plays a vital role in the current geopolitical dynamics of South Asia, exerting a substantial influence on the regional power structure. This article investigates the various aspects of this collaboration, including military, economic, and diplomatic cooperation, and analyzes its wider impact on the regional distribution of power. Historical development of Sino-Pakistani relations, based on shared strategic objectives, has transformed into a complete alliance marked by many military cooperation and economic endeavors, most notably the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This relationship acts as a means to balance out India's regional control, escalating the strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan and changing the security calculations of the area. Growing participation of external powers, notably the United States and China, intensifies the intricacy of South Asian geopolitics. This research provides a detailed analysis of the strategic reasons, economic interdependencies, and geopolitical strategies that form the basis of the collaboration between Pakistan and China. It provides a comprehensive knowledge of how this partnership affects regional power dynamics, influences interactions between states, and impacts regional stability. This study provides valuable insights into the changing security structure of South Asia and contributes to the wider discussion on international relations and strategic studies.

This review article explores the various benefits of action research in language education, highlighting its role in empowering educators while fostering student learning outcomes. Action research serves as a pivotal instrument that significantly enhances the educational experience for both teachers and students.

There are five parts of this paper: (1) Introduction. Here I focus on my overarching goal of moving toward fulfilling Auguste Comte’s goal of a paradigmatic sociological approach to solving personal and world problems. I introduce the work of Jonathan Turner, Thomas Kuhn, C. Wright Mills and Alvin W. Gouldner to illustrate the importance of an orientation that yields a contrast between a bureaucratic and an interactive and evolutionary way of life. (2) Turner’s Law of Positive Emotional Energy. It is here that we learn to “accentuate the positive,” as the song goes, by making use of two powerful procedures for personal development: EVOLUTIONARY PERCEPTION and the EAST-WEST STRATEGY. These yield increasing self-confidence, resulting in an improving self-image, pointing the individual in an evolutionary direction. Central to this approach is the idea that the further development of the individual is the basis for the continued evolution of society. (3) Turner’s Law of Negative Emotional Energy. We learn here to “eliminate the negative” and find personal satisfaction in doing so. We must take into account the immense power of our bureaucratic way of life in influencing us negatively—with its focus on hierarchy, narrow specialization and personal conformity—from the very moment of our birth. Yet once again the processes of EVOLUTIONARY PERCEPTION and the EAST-WEST STRATEGY can come to our rescue. We must realize that those procedures must become habitual if they are to be effective against the full power of our present way of life. Equally, we must understand that paradigmatic sociologists must realize that their own extraordinarily important role is to demonstrate the power of these ideas in their own personal behavior. (4) An Image of the Future. I follow the mantra of Confucius: “It is man that makes the Way great, and not the Way that makes man great.” Lawrence Busch and Fred Polak developed an image that includes the continuing evolution of ever more individuals throughout society with respect to “head,” “heart” and “hand.” Far beyond the solution of society’s solution of its mammoth problems, we might anticipate future developments beyond our wildest dreams. (5) Resume. It is essential to establish my credibility for this far-reaching paper and, as well, to present the range of my academic experiences that enabled me to emerge with throughout my academic lifetime to emerge with these ideas.

In the evolving landscape of international trade, the legal frameworks guiding commercial transactions are paramount. This study delves into a comparative analysis of three pivotal instruments: the Sale of Goods Act of Ghana, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC). By juxtaposing these systems, the research unveils both harmonies and dissonances, each bearing implications for businesses and policymakers. While they converge on universal commercial imperatives like good faith and predictability, their divergences highlight jurisdictional idiosyncrasies and socio-economic variances. Drawing from this intricate analysis, the study posits the need for strategic harmonization, emphasizing an adaptive framework that respects the unique value of each system. It underscores the pivotal role of businesses in adeptly navigating these regimes and the ensuing legal ramifications. Findings: The authors juxtaposed that as the global business commerce surges, the should be an open ended cross cutting international legislations that can let specific regions adopt and develop tailored legal and business practice frame works to suit their regions and countries. It was discovered that such measure are highly likely to be embraced by policy makers and political heads, business group, regulatory agencies and companies. There was an emphasis made that a nuanced understanding of these frameworks becomes vital for a cohesive, cogent and fair business commerce for industry players.

The premise that humans are inherently social gives rise to the relatively recent concept of public interest litigation (PIL) in Bangladeshi law. Disputes involving rights violations or complaints regarding subjects of public interest are the primary focus of public interest litigation (PIL), a branch of constitutional law. On matters of great national importance, regular people can now submit brief legal arguments to the Supreme Court in this way. One powerful tool for judicial activism that upholds human rights and the rule of law is public interest litigation (PIL). It is a fundamental part of the law in Bangladesh. In spite of the challenges, the court is vital in safeguarding basic rights and guaranteeing fair treatment of the state and its citizens in the application of the law. This remains valid, notwithstanding the potential problems. In order to maintain uniformity and provide guidance, the legislative branch seeks the advice of the judiciary. However, the present administration's recruiting practices and the judicial corps' dedication to the standards that regulate their respective professions offer hope for limiting the court's radicalism. Decisions that are rational but nonetheless contentious may be handed down by judges in Bangladesh who are not swayed by political parties. People now expect the courts to deal with environmental issues because the right to life has been broadened to include protection of the environment. To that end, this essay will examine certain cases heard in Bangladeshi courts that illustrate the role of public-interest litigation in bringing about justice.

School children are emerging as creative persons who are preparing for their future role in society. Bullying problems can become so troublesome when interfere with emotional, social, and intellectual development of children. Teachers are in better position to detect the sign and symptoms of common bullying problems in the school setting. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of bullying at its impact onacademic performance among senior secondary students in Khalsa College Public School, Amritsar, Punjab. The non-experimental descriptive research design was followed and 125 students were selected as study subjects with total enumerative sampling technique. Modified adolescent peer relation instrument were used to assess the prevalence of bullying among senior secondary students. The study was concluded in the month of September. The study findings reveal that majority of students have mild form of bullying those, who have excellent level of marks in their academic performance with mean and standard deviation of 28.54+8.331.

This investigation examined the correlation between compensation, staff advancement, and job performance of non-faculty personnel in public universities situated in Southwest, Nigeria. The research employed a descriptive survey research design. The study's population encompassed all 14,108 non-academic employees across the 18 public universities in Southwest, Nigeria. A sample of 1,200 non-academic staff was chosen for this investigation using a multistage sampling method. The study utilized two sets of tools known as the “Staff Remuneration and Promotion Questionnaire (SRPQ) and the Non-Academic Staff Job Productivity Questionnaire (NASJPQ). Two research hypotheses were developed for this study. Experts in the Department of Educational Management validated the tools. The reliability of the tools was confirmed through a test-retest approach, resulting in coefficients of 0.83 and 0.82 for SRPQ and NASJPQ respectively. The collected data underwent analysis using inferential statistics, with the hypotheses being evaluated at a significance level of 0.05. The outcomes indicated a significant association between staff compensation and job productivity of non-academic staff in public universities. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a significant link between promotion and job productivity of non-academic staff in public universities. Drawing from the study's results, it was deduced that both staff remuneration and promotion have a positive impact on the job productivity of non-academic staff in public universities. Consequently, it is recommended based on the study's findings that the government should enhance the minimum wages of non-academic staff in universities located in Southwest Nigeria, and university management should periodically carry out staff promotions for deserving non-academic staff to enhance job productivity.

Effective performance management in higher education institutions requires institutions to administratively adapt and implement quality assurance policy. Quality assurance is an education reform policy aimed to enhance the continuous improvement of higher education quality. The policy was adapted in African states from European countries as it originated from Italy: Bologna process accord of 1999. The Bologna process accord was preceded by the Sorbonne Declaration of May 1998 meant to increase students' and employees' mobility across different political boundaries in providing solutions to quality education and solving the problem of unemployment. Educational reform policies are best evaluated on the anticipated outcomes as a testimony of internal and external stakeholders’ engagement in the system. The question of who are the stakeholders to effectively improve the performance of university and other tertiary education is the point of discussion. In this study, we accentuate the importance of human resource engagement in quality assurance policy implementation to enhance service delivery and product output in organisations like universities and other tertiary institutions. Empirical results show that effective performance management is achieved when staff participation is encouraged. It is empirically tested that employees contribute 68.5% success to policy implementation at the organisation level (Kibalirwandi, 2023). The anticipated mutual benefits that involve rewards, recognitions, promotions, increased revenue and change in standards of living for both employees and employers appear evident in national statistics of growth and development as a contribution from the national education system. Quality assurance in universities and other tertiary institutions is a key development indicator for UN-SDG Goal #4 as far as sustainable development goals (SDGs) that are discussed in the 2030 United Nations targets. Human resource management is an important factor of production in both developed and underdeveloped countries.

Job satisfaction among academic staff in western Ugandan universities positively correlates with the level of workplace equity, employees’ participation in staff committees, and welfare. Every workplace is expected to be conducive to all employees. Employees in a secure and good workplace anticipate achieving high goals and objectives, for which an organisation is set and enshrined in its mission and vision. The article is reversed. The level of workplace equity is used to examine factors influencing workplace equity in universities, explore the impact of the workplace on employees' job satisfaction, and identify workplace equity strategies to enhance employee job satisfaction. The reviewed articles provided a standpoint view for the audience to understand the workplace, staff participation in staff academic staff, welfare and retention of employees. Herzberg's two-factor theory was significant in this review as descriptive surveys using both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied. The existing literature review identifies Herzberg's theory and practices of human resources management as having extensive knowledge for top managers in faculties, supervisors and policymakers to share and review at different levels of administration and management in Ugandan universities and beyond.

Over the years, leadership research has received increasing attention, yet defining leadership remains challenging. Contemporary studies in this field incorporate contextual and situational factors and considerations of what constitutes good leadership from a normative perspective. This semi-structured literature review aims to clarify our future leadership needs by examining 21st-century articles and key concepts. The findings indicate that leadership will continue to be relevant and that new skills will be necessary to address both current and future challenges. Formal vertical leadership will coexist with informal individual and self-leadership, as knowledge workers are expected to assume and share leadership responsibilities. This raises a critical question: 'What leadership skills will be required in the near future, and how can we develop these skills to ensure effective leadership?

This research paper explores the impact of teaching-learning facilities on students' academic performance in Chemistry at the lower secondary school level within the context of quality assurance policy implementation. The researchers utilized statistics from the doctoral research data sets of Maate, (2023) and Kibalirwandi, (2024). The research investigates how the availability and quality of instructional resources—such as laboratories, textbooks, and digital tools—affect student outcomes in chemistry. Additionally, the article examines the interplay between teachers' dispositions, compensation, and morale, and their influence on the effectiveness of these facilities. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative and quantitative data analysis of students’ performance with qualitative insights from teacher interviews and classroom observations. Results reveal that well-resourced teaching environments significantly enhance student engagement and academic achievement. The paper also addresses the role of quality assurance policies in shaping teaching-learning facilities and their impact on educational equity, reflective practices, and lifelong learning.

Brewed Tea with Three Lumps of Sugar is the first novel of Renan Demirkan. The novel mainly describes the process of a women, who has fallen in two worlds, in two cultures and in two understandings due to migration. Living condition, indecision, emotional changes were interrogated within a few hours. ‘Should we go back or should we stay?’ Labelled as ‘black Germans’ Turks, who have been overly affected by this integration process, are found between Anatolian and European cultures. Their position and personality has become a burden for German society. The expectations and reality have shifted, behaviour and speech are left to the images.

This study aims to analyze the traditional values applied in the comprehensive pesantren (Islamic boarding school) education system. Pesantren, as a traditional Islamic educational institution, plays a significant role in shaping the character and personality of its students through a holistic approach that integrates religious, social, and cultural aspects. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach in several pesantren in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results of the study show that the traditional values of pesantren, such as simplicity, humility, and togetherness, are still highly relevant and upheld in comprehensive pesantren education. These values contribute to the formation of students' character, making them individuals of integrity, independence, and responsibility. Furthermore, comprehensive pesantren are also capable of adapting to the times without neglecting the traditional values that form the main foundation of their education. This study concludes that the reinforcement of traditional values in comprehensive pesantren is key to successfully producing a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent but also possesses noble character.

Education is one of the major components in human’s life. Education helps in learning all the fundamentals which are very essential for the humans to survive and progress in his life. A man without education is like a tree which bears no fruits. So, education is vital in order to fulfil the purpose of every human being in this world. Education brings out the person’s interest in any particular field in which he can put his maximum efforts and excel with beautiful colours. Education enlightens the power of knowledge and wisdom. In order to get in-depth knowledge in a particular concept there are introduction of various tools which helps you to uncover all your doubts. Though these digital tools are occupying a major part in the field of education but they should be used wisely in order to get the maximum benefits out of it.

The Holocaust has been a traumatic event in the history of humankind, and it has been depicted through a lens of humour, fantasy, and symbolism. The Holocaust narrative refers to a written or spoken account that recounts the experiences, events, and impact of the Holocaust, particularly the systematic genocide carried out by the Nazis during World War II. Life is Beautiful and Schindler’s List, both focus on the theme of the Holocaust and World War II. Both films explore the Holocaust and differ significantly in their tone, style, and narrative approach. The objective of this paper is to analyze how these films portray the Holocaust and Nazi atrocities by exploring the role of human relationships in providing strength and resilience during periods of extreme crisis.

The study of doormat in Nothern Nigeria reveals the nuanced layers of cultural symbolism embedded within these seemingly mundane household items. Drawing from diverse scholarly perspectives, such as McLuhan’s theory of media ecology and anthropological insights from Douglas and shaping societal norms, values, and power dynamics. Positioned at the threshold between public and private spaces, doormats serve as tangible conduits of communication, conveying messages of hospitality, cleanliness, and social status. Moreover, the gendered symbolism of doormats reflects entrenched expectations surrounding gender roles and domestic responsibilities within Northern Nigerian culture. The commercialization of the doormat industry further exposes economic disparities and labor exploitation, while advertising influences consumer perceptions and preferences, shaping cultural narratives surrounding doormats. Through a critical media ecology lens, this study offers insights into how doormats mediate social interactions, embody cultural identities, and mirror broader societal structure in northern Nigeria.

The Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) has emerged as a critical arena in global geopolitics, shaped by the strategic interests of external powers and the evolving dynamics of regional alliances. This paper explores the security dynamics of the IOR, focusing on the roles played by major external powers, including the United States, China, and India, and the influence of regional alliances and partnerships. It examines how geopolitical competition, economic integration, and security challenges are reshaping the strategic landscape of the IOR. The study analyzes key frameworks such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and multilateral initiatives like the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), highlighting their impact on regional stability and cooperation. Furthermore, the paper discusses the implications of external involvement in the IOR, including infrastructure investments, military presence, and strategic partnerships. By understanding these dynamics, the paper provides insights into the future trajectory of the IOR and its significance in global security and economic affairs.