Coffee grinding is an important process in the coffee industry to produce coffee grounds that are smooth and in accordance with consumer preferences. The motor power required to operate a coffee milling machine becomes a key factor in determining the performance and operational efficiency of the machine. This study aims to determine the time and energy needed to grind several kinds of coffee in the grinding process. The method of calculating the time and energy needed to grind coffee beans becomes very important in order to be able to grind coffee. From these calculations, it is calculated based on the amount of coffee to be ground and the time required for grinding.The calculation results show that using the required motor power increases with an increase in the amount of coffee to be ground and a shorter grinding time. Therefore, the selection of motor power in accordance with the capacity and production needs of coffee grinding machines is crucial to ensure optimal performance and operational efficiency.[5][6] This research contributes to the understanding of those influencing the timing of coffee grinding, in selecting motor powers that can determine the time for grinding their production.[7][8][9].

Bali Island, known as a tourism center, has a power capacity of 1,243.30 MW, with the highest use in 2020 of 980.89 MW. Thus, 262.41 MW of backup power is still available for Bali Island. Making sure the IKE value complies with the requirement and can search for energy-saving opportunities is the aim (PHE). The method compares the consumption of electrical energy (kWh/year) with the building area according to the hotel occupancy rate to get the IKE value. Then, analyze the electrical energy user system to look for energy-saving opportunities. The result is that the IKE value in 2019 was 222.56 kWh/m2/year, and in 2020 it was 170,29 kWh/m2/year. Energy-saving opportunities are obtained by adjusting the pattern of using air conditioners and lights and carrying out routine maintenance to increase the efficiency of water pumps. After the PHE was carried out, the IKE value in 2019 was 161.70 kWh/m2/year. Based on the IKE of air-conditioned buildings, electricity consumption in 2019 increased from slightly wasteful to quite efficient after the PHE. Savings on electricity bills in 2019 after PHE carried out amounted to Rp.203,806, 287.

Increased insecurity calls for concerted efforts in beefing up the security apparatus within residential and business areas. In achieving this, the reliance of manual means of granting visitors in and out of premises can no longer provide the needed results as this as failed often than not by granting access to unknown visitors that comes in under false identity in order to perpetuate harm or untold damage to life and properties. This research tends to implement a Visitor Management System (VMS) within the study area that will digitally monitor and record the influx of visitors in and out of the administrative block of the study area. The system is a network based solution that runs a on a peer-to-peer network architecture within two-users. The system comprises of outdoor (VTH) and indoor (VTO) VMS devices and an IP Dome Camera all networked using a cat5e network cable. The system allows for visitors to be screened by the rector’s secretary via the indoor monitor system before approving the access for the visitor. The implementation of the VMS at the premises of the study area had shown reduced visitors at the waiting room, ensures by security by allowing only verified visitors into the administrative block and better records and monitor of visitors that goes in and out of the building.

Tropical cyclones, with their powerful winds, heavy rains, and devastating storm surges, have significantly impacted Oman over the years. This overview examines the nature of tropical cyclones, their formation, and their effects in Oman. The study details notable cyclones, including Cyclone Gonu (2007), Cyclone Mekunu (2018), Cyclone Shaheen (2021), and Cyclone Tej (2023), highlighting their impacts on infrastructure, communities, and the environment. The response and preparedness measures undertaken by Oman to mitigate the damage from these natural disasters are also discussed. This historical perspective underscores the importance of continuous improvement in disaster management and resilient infrastructure to safeguard the nation against future cyclones.

Delta-T is the difference between Terrestrial Time and Universal Time. Terrestrial Time or Dynamical Time is a function of Earth’s orbital motion. Universal time is a function of Earth’s spin motion. Earth’s spin motion experiences a secular lengthening due to tidal drag exerted by our Moon, it experiences periodic variation due to Saros Period (an interval of 18 years and 111/3 days after which the Earth, Moon and Sun return to nearly the same relative positions and cycle of lunar and solar eclipses begin to repeat itself), Earth’s spin motion experiences periodic variation due to sidereal period of Moon, due to Spring and Neap tide. Periodic variations in Earth’s spin take place due to seasonal changes also. Earth’s spin motion experience irregular variation due to geophysical and geological factors such as plate tectonics, setting of an Ice-Age, thawing of ice-age, ocean currents and global wind patterns interacting with mountain ranges and electromagnetic coupling between core and mantle. UT1 or Universal Time is counted from 0 hour- 0 minute- 0 second midnight on 1/01/1900 is measured in terms of spin period. Over long term the periodic and irregular variations will average out but secular lengthening of the length of the day will continue as a result UT1 will fall behind the dynamical time. When UT1 falls behind TT by more than 0.7 second then the clock is stopped for 1 second and this is called addition of a leap seond. The addition of 1 leap second or stopping the clock by 1 second advances UT1 by 0.3 second. ahead of TT. This creates the need for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). UTC keeps the record of the number of leap seconds added. In this paper Delta-T is measured by integrating the deficit to the day as defined in 1900 CE (Current Era) from ancient days to 1900CE. This is compared with Delta-T as observed by Stephenson and Stephenson & Houldon (1896). The analytical values calculated by the Author match with the observed values except for the intermediate periods. This is explained by taking into account the post-glacial rebound taking place between 2000BCE and 1600CE. This match stands as a vindication of the new perspective on the birth and evolution of Solar System.

The aim of this study is to present the spatial difference between the Korean farmhouse and the Vietnamese. As a research method, one Korean farmhouse planning was chosen from the standard planning of the Korean farmhouse standard indices the other was chosen from the Vietnamese farmhouse was built in Da Nang, Vietnam. This research shows the hidden differences between the Korean culture and Vietnamese in farmhouses and what the reasons are residing behind them. As research tools, Gamma diagram analysis and movement analysis are hired to display these reasons. To make successful farmhouses in both countries with keeping pace in 21st century with declaring digital farming, it is necessary to predict which spaces will be expanded first to maximize the productivity in farmhouses. This paper has the solutions for both questions above.

The success of metal materials in their use is very much one of them in medical applications. Metal material is a material that is mostly composed of transition elements and tends to provide high resistance to structures and other properties. The ability of various metal materials has great potential to be applied as drug delivery. Metal-material designs were developed to overcome the problem of poor chemical stability and other advantages as drug delivery. Various methods have been carried out by incorporating metal ions in drugs, or using metal-based materials as direct drug delivery. Studies mention that metal-material-based drug delivery can have its own advantages for the body when degraded and has high resistance in drug storage.

The telecommunication structure of India is a fascinating topic to investigate as it is a very integral part of any developed nation of this machine learning generation. We examined the telecom sector growth in India and its trend in urban and rural regions. The study is based on secondary data which was siphoned from the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India reports published from 2020 to 2024 on a year-to-year basis. A healthy and linear growth is seen on a year-to-year basis which is very promising for an emerging superpower. We also now get to know that we need to cover a lot of ground in rural and far off regions connectivity on all forms of communication technologies. On a positive note, people are being more aware and tech savvy and these numbers seem to go up in the near future.