This study explores remuneration-based prison employment in the jails of Punjab, Pakistan. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of such employment on the process of prisoner rehabilitation during confinement and upon the rate of recidivism after their release. Using Central jail Faisalabad as a case study this thesis analyses the impact of such a prison employment model on prisoner wellbeing. In the process, it examines the effect that these programs have on the psychological and mental health of the inmates that participate in these labor programs. Data shows that the inmates who are deployed on the remuneration-based prison employment during the confinement are more likely to be rehabilitated and less likely to recidivate after their release as they find some employment on the basis of the skills they acquired during the incarceration. This thesis examines the impact of remuneration-based prison employment on the rehabilitation of inmates. The study utilizes qualitative research methods to evaluate the effectiveness of such programs in improving inmates' employability skills, reducing recidivism rates, and promoting positive behavioral change. The findings suggest that remuneration-based prison employment can have a positive impact on rehabilitation. However, further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and to identify best practices for implementation. Overall, the study concludes that remuneration-based prison employment can be a valuable tool in the rehabilitation of inmates, and should be considered as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation strategy.

This study explores the relationship between organizational climate and teacher performance in educational institutions. Organizational climate, defined as the prevailing atmosphere or environment in an organization, plays a significant role in shaping employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance outcomes. Understanding how organizational climate impacts teacher performance is crucial for educational leaders seeking to create supportive and conducive work environments. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather data from teachers and administrators. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, are used to examine the relationship between organizational climate factors and teacher performance metrics. The findings reveal important insights into the influence of organizational climate on teacher performance and provide practical recommendations for improving organizational practices to enhance teacher effectiveness and overall school performance.

This survey looks at ways to encourage critical thinking, drawing ideas from fields like education, psychology, business, and technology. Critical thinking is crucial for evaluating information, making informed decisions, and solving complex problems. The study reviews different methods for teaching and improving critical thinking, such as problem-based learning, Socratic questioning, and digital tools. It aims to identify and address research gaps, which can greatly enhance the development of critical thinking skills. By combining insights from various disciplines, the survey provides a thorough overview of effective techniques and highlights best practices for educators and professionals. The findings indicate that using multiple approaches, tailored to the specific context and needs of learners, is the most effective way to foster critical thinking.

Purpose: This study determined the impact of accounting practices on the small and medium business enterprises’ growth and financial stability in Lae City, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive study design and used primary data gathered through questionnaire consisting of dichotomous questions and Likert scale on the parameters of each variable. The study surveyed 75 small and medium enterprises established in Lae City. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis with the aid of rank, percentage, weighted mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test of independence was used to test the relationship of accounting practices to the business growth and financial stability of SMEs in the cited city. Finding: The demographic profiles of sampled SMEs in Lae City are varied as well as their methods and systems in practicing accounting. The influence of sound accounting practices to the business growth and sustainability of SMEs was high; while practicing accounting improperly had relative effect to the business. SMEs faced great challenges in implementing sound accounting practices. The research also found a significant relationship between sound accounting practices and business growth and financial stability. Implications: The small business entrepreneurs in Lae City, PNG should invest more resources in gaining accounting knowledge and developing skills of the contemporary and sound accounting practices. Accounting knowledge and skills is an important tool of SMEs towards analysis of results of the business operations and financial health; and, advantage points to their risk management implementation along operations, financing, and investment decision making. The availability of systematic records determines how they manage their funds. Good accounting practices can help SMEs assess risk levels due to fraud and theft, uncollected receivables, delay in settling payables, and high penalties in reporting incorrect income and expenses to government agencies. Value: The findings of this study would be of value to the SME participants to improve on their decision making, budget preparation, monitoring and control of expenses, receivables, payables and other related areas. The same findings would also be valuable to government agencies tasked to assist and further the development of entrepreneurship in Lae City, the Morobe Province and Papua New Guinea.

The emergence of 5G technology has opened new possibilities for communication systems, particularly in the context of ad hoc networks. This paper explores the concept of 5G-AdHoc, which aims to enable Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) in ad hoc networks. We begin by introducing the fundamentals of -AdHoc technology and the challenges it addresses in providing URLLC capabilities. We 5G discuss the architecture and key components of 5G-AdHoc networks, along with the underlying technologies that enable URLLC. Performance evaluation metrics and use cases are examined to showcase the benefits and practical applications of 5G-AdHoc URLLC. The summary focuses on how 5G's URLLC capabilities ensure stability and efficiency in vehicle clusters, with one scenario showcasing reliability and low latency and another emphasizing scalability and continued reliability. Overall, URLLC plays a crucial role in coordinating connected vehicles within 5G networks for smooth operations in various scenarios. Furthermore, we delve into security and privacy considerations crucial for the deployment of 5G-AdHoc networks. Finally, we outline future trends and potential developments in 5G-AdHoc technology, highlighting its significance in advancing communication systems for diverse applications.

This study aims to get the evaluation quality of Restaurant of school for International students in other to reduce some challenges and improve facilities for goods results training. Some criteria have been defined namely: Comfort, Operational Hours, Price, Kindness, Taste, Hygiene, Variety, Healthy, Recommendation, and Preference. Based on this, our simulation has been done on Handong Global University in South Korea on International student. The results show that in general there is some satisfaction for most of them. Students are focus on the price criteria and taste for satisfaction. Others are looking for healthy and variety. But no all criteria can be meeting at the same time. The recommendation was about criteria of ``Variety`` which must be taken in account particularly for improvement. This study can be extending to others internationals universities or schools in general with the same criteria.

This study examines the effect of hand exercise on the handwriting legibility of pupils with dysgraphia in Ikere Ekiti Local Government Area, Ekiti State, considering two moderating variables: gender and self-esteem. The study adopted a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental research design. The multistage sampling procedure was used to select participants. The instruments used include the Dysgraphia Screening Test & NST, Writing Assessment, Self-esteem Scale, and Wesch Intelligence Scale for pupils. Treatment lasted six weeks, and data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed a significant main effect of treatment on handwriting legibility (F(1,59) = 149.663, p<0.05), but no significant effects of gender (F(1,59) = 0.186, p>0.05) or self-esteem (F(1,59) = 0.094, p>0.05). Additionally, there were no significant interaction effects between treatment and gender, treatment and self-esteem, gender and self-esteem, or treatment, gender, and self-esteem on handwriting legibility. Based on the findings, it is recommended that hand exercises be adopted in managing handwriting legibility.