Low back pain is a prevalent symptom experienced by a significant proportion of pregnant women, impacting over 50% of this population. Nevertheless, severe disc herniation is exceedingly uncommon and most patients experience recovery without the need for surgical intervention. The objective of this study is, to present a comprehensive analysis of conservative treatment approaches and delivery methods for pregnant individuals experiencing Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH), excluding those with significant neurological impairments necessitating immediate surgical intervention. We conducted a study of the existing research using the PubMed database. This case report details the clinical progress of a pregnant woman who developed a lumbar hernia (L4-L5) at 34 weeks of gestation and exhibited symptoms of excruciating pain in the right lumbar region and lower limb. Until 36 weeks of pregnancy, the patient had conservative treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). At that point, the patient spontaneously gave birth to a healthy baby who weighed 3.75 kilograms and measured 53 cm. The patient had a successful discectomy treatment to treat the herniated disc three months after giving birth, which resulted in a full recovery. The necessity of multidisciplinary care for pregnant women with lumbar hernias is highlighted in this example and conservative therapy followed by prompt surgical surgery might provide positive results.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is multiple pregnancy losses. Inherited thrombophilia, which increases blood clot risk, contributes to RPL. Pre-gestational therapy with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMH) and Aspirin may improve pregnancy outcomes in these patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-gestational management and the combination of LMH and Aspirin in patients with RPL and inherited thrombophilia. A hereditary thrombophilia test was performed on each of the 459 pregnant research participants, whose gestational ages ranged from 6 to 38 gestational week Medical center - Prime Clinic and KIRM- Pleven in Bulgaria period from January 2021- May 2023 were collected. Based on the treatment method, patients in a dataset with RPL and hereditary thrombophilia were split into three groups. Group I (Control) patients did not get any pre-gestational care or anticoagulant treatment. Group II: Patients who only received aspirin treatment with 100 mg. Group III: Patients receiving LMH and aspirin therapy. Compared to the treated groups (Group II and Group III), the pregnancy success rate was noticeably lower among the patients in Group I (Control). In addition, Group I experienced more thrombotic events than the groups that received treatment. Pre-gestational therapy with aspirin alone or in combination improves pregnancy outcomes and reduces thrombotic events in RPL and hereditary thrombophilia patients. LMH combined with aspirin may increase pregnancy success more than aspirin alone. These findings need further investigation and larger trials to maximize treatment for this patient population.

Breast cancer is a metastatic disease with high mortality rate and is regarded as the most abundant malignancy observed in women. In various crucial cellular processes, such as progression and initiation of different cancers (TRPs) Transient receptor potential channels play a significant role. Recently, TLRs are regarded as novel treatment for breast cancer while TRP channels expression are also vital in regulating cellular processes, such as differentiation, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. This study illustrates that the TRPs and TLRs expression levels can be modified using gold Nano-particles (AuNPs). AuNPs were applied on mammary epithelial cell line (CRL-4010) and breast cancer (SKBR3) cell line. After AuNPs treatment Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression levels of TRPs, NFκB and p53.Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) are regarded as promising and emerging agent for cancer therapy as well as Photo-thermal, Radio-Sensitisers and contrast agents also are investigated as drug carriers. The expression levels of TRP1, TRP2, and TRP5 were up regulated in breast cancer cell line SKBR3 due to AuNPs application. In addition, NF-Kb was recorded as significantly down regulated on the other hand simultaneous up regulation of p53 occurred that indicated that these two cellular pathways cross talk each other. This study enlightens the AuNPs implication for the treatment of cancer in association with NFκB ,TRPs and p53.

Poor prognosis, patient distress, increased morbidity/mortality, antibiotic resistance and increased financial burden to patients and healthcare systems are some of the consequences of biofilm-related infections that arise from contaminated medical devices. The complex tri-dimensional architectural intricacy of biofilms has become an inevitable challenge to existing treatment options. It has also largely affected the development of in vitro models that help in the study of biofilm composition, formation, prevention, and therapeutic targets for eradicating biofilms. Newer biofilm models which were recently developed, enjoyed limited success in mitigating the limitations encountered by the traditional simpler models. More in-depth studies are needed to consider them relevant and accurate. Implants are generally considered as high risk medical devices, as they are exposed to patients’ tissues for a longer duration of time. Implants are reported to represent 65% of total implant-related infections. Because of this reason, most studies reported in the literature have focused on biofilm-related infections from implants. Considering the severity of such infections and the difficulty in treatment, novel effective strategies revolving around biofilm prevention in medical devices are seen to be the urgent need of hour. Recent studies have shown that rough edged surfaces had the greatest cellular adhesion. In addition, certain types of material were found to be most susceptible to biofilm growth such as titanium alloy discs, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (UHMW-PE), stainless steel (SST), aluminum, hydroxyapatite (HA) and polyethylene (PE). Newly developed implant coating techniques and nanomedicine-based strategies are promisors to prevent biofilm occurrence, although risk-benefit concerns still need to be considered. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to address the existing limitations. There is also a need for innovative techniques that can test biocompatibility and efficiency of the products to ensure they are effective and safe to the patients.

We present a clinical case of a 36-year-old woman who presented urgently to the Gynecology Department of ,,UMBAL Burgas" with symptoms of acute gynecological abdominal pain. The patient is nine weeks pregnant after in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure and embryo transfer of two embryos. In the previous year, as part of preparation for the upcoming IVF procedure, she underwent bilateral laparoscopic salpingectomy due to primary infertility with tubal factor.

Background: A category of hereditary diseases known as Thrombophilia induces irregular blood clotting. Pre-eclampsia, late miscarriages, premature delivery, fetal growth restriction, and deep venous thrombosis are all associated with Thrombophilia. A higher incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL) in the initial 6–10 weeks of conception may be seen in homozygous individuals for particular thrombophilic variables. A healthy uteroplacental circulation is necessary for a favorable pregnancy outcome. It has been hypothesized that maternal Thrombophilia could raise the probability of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). ACE D/D (angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion/deletion) genotype and PAI 4G/4G (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/4G) genotype have been associated with an increased risk for these conditions and high blood pressure (hypertension). Aim of this study is to determinate the frequency of the different thrombophilic mutations in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Methods: A prospective cohort study included 309 pregnant patients with gestational age from 6 to 12 gestational weeks. The patients have a history of recurrent pregnancy loss in the past. Inherited Thrombophilia test was performed on each research participants as part of preconception counseling. Results: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI – I) 4G/4G was the most prevalent form of thrombophilic mutation identified (82,83%), followed by MTHFR mutation (85.43%), mutations in the prothrombin gene (12,61%) and factor V Leiden (12.29%). Additionally, (12.62%) of pregnant women had IUGR babies, (29,44%) of patients had preeclampsia as a diagnosis and gestational diabetes (24,27%). In conclusion - The genetic landscape significantly impacts the trajectory of pregnancy-related complications. This study sheds light on the pivotal roles played by genetic mutations, elucidating potential avenues for refined clinical management and targeted interventions. The early detection of these genetic variations paves the way for enhanced personalized care strategies, ultimately benefitting the well-being of both maternal and fetal domains.

Malaria has continued to be a major public health challenge in Nigeria with the under-five aged- children and pregnant women being the most affected. The recent epidemiological profile of the disease is vigorous owing to the continuous variant in various determinants however, there is need for periodic re-evaluation. The study aimed to determine the frequency of malaria infection among under-five age children and the effect of various determinants. In this cross-sectional study, 160 in and outpatients aged below 5 years with fever or history of fever within 72hours were enrolled. Relevant information was obtained and recorded using a questionnaire. Thick blood films were prepared from a finger or heel prick for each of the patients and subjected to microscopy. The frequency of malaria infection was 119(74.4 %.) Age, sex, socioeconomic class, temperature at presentation as well as ownership of insecticide treated nets had a significant effect on the frequency of malaria infection. Only P. falciparum was seen in all the positive slides. The parasite density was generally high with 67(56.3%) having parasite densities <100/μl and only 8.4% had a parasite density of ≥1000/μl. Parasite density increased meaningfully with increasing age as well as other studied factors had significant effect on parasite density. A Prevalence of malaria infection was high in the population studied. It is characterized by high density parasitaemia and hence the need to interpret positive results with carefulness. There is need to toughen and scale up countless malaria control programs while ensuring proper implementations of programs and activities through active monitoring and assessment.

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mental health issue affecting women after childbirth, with implications for maternal and infant well-being. Despite its global prevalence, there is a lack of research on PPD in certain regions, including Somaliland. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the prevalence and associated factors of PPD among mothers attending healthcare facilities in Borama, Awdal, Somaliland. Background: PPD is characterized by depressive episodes occurring after childbirth, affecting approximately 13-19% of postpartum women globally. Social stressors such as poverty, intimate partner violence, and unintended pregnancy contribute to the risk of PPD, making it a significant public health burden. Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with PPD is crucial for informing diagnosis, interventions, and policy measures. Methodology: This study employed an institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study design, focusing on mothers who gave birth and received postpartum care in selected healthcare facilities in Borama, Somaliland. A total of 300 mothers were recruited for the study using systematic random sampling. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic, obstetric, and social support factors, as well as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess PPD. Descriptive statistics and chi-square and logistic regression for data analysis. Results: The study found a prevalence rate of 35.4% for PPD among mothers attending healthcare facilities in Borama, Awdal, Somaliland. Factors such as age of marriage, employment status, type of employment, and monthly income were significantly associated with PPD. Younger age at marriage was linked to a higher likelihood of experiencing PPD, while employment appeared to have a protective effect on maternal mental health. Recommendations and Conclusion: Based on the findings, recommendations include developing targeted support programs for younger mothers, promoting workplace policies that support maternal mental health, integrating mental health services into routine maternal care, and launching community awareness programs to reduce stigma. Addressing these factors can contribute to improved maternal mental health outcomes and overall well-being for mothers and their infants. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of understanding and addressing the complex factors influencing PPD to support maternal and infant health in Somaliland.