The study examined the effect of the transactions of the Global North and the Global South in the international monetary system. This was to examine the ability of the central banks of the Global South to maintain foreign reserves that could put them in a position to compete on equal grounds in the global political economy. The research also assessed how these transactions work to the detriment of the peripheral countries in the global political economy. The literature indicates that most periphery countries are vulnerable to crisis financially and debt default by most of the countries because of the excessive foreign debt obligation which is high in core country currencies. It further revealed that if Global South needs assistance in the form of foreign capital, this will be pegged to the rich country’s currencies (Bordo & Flandreau, 2001). It concludes that the international monetary system favored the Global North because they have huge reserves that do not affect the value of their currencies.

Juvenile delinquency is becoming increasingly common nowadays, juvenile delinquency is now rampant in various areas in Indonesia. This is the focus of the researcher's attention in writing this article with the aim of educating teenagers who are irresponsible in their actions. Juvenile delinquency is a normal thing that occurs due to changes in physical, psychological and social aspects so that teenagers tend to ignore or reject existing regulations.Christian religious counselors become figures in assisting teenagers regarding teenagers' actions that harm others and can also harm themselves. Religious Counselors are Civil Servants who are given duties, responsibilities and full authority by authorized officials to carry out religious guidance and development counseling activities using religious languages. This research was carried out because researchers wanted to find out whether religious counselors could tackle juvenile delinquency which has been rampant to date. It is also hoped that religious counselors can become companions for juvenile delinquents who have fallen into cases of juvenile delinquency.

The great commission is an important part of Christian or church life. One of the factors for church growth (quantitatively) is carrying out the great commission. A church that carries out the great commission is a dynamic church that continues to grow and develop. Apart from that, the great commission is the essence of the church's duties and calling in the world which must not be ignored. This is a task that cannot be rejected by all Christians, including a Christian Religious Counselor because it is in accordance with his nature, namely a mandate that comes from Jesus. The research method used in this journal article is the library genesis method, namely a method of collecting data by understanding and studying theories related to finding sources and constructing them from various sources such as books, articles, journals that have already been carried out. . A Christian religious instructor is someone who is given the task, responsibility and authority by authorized officials to carry out religious guidance and development counseling using the language of the Christian religion. The mandate of the Lord Jesus is called the Great Commission because the Giver of the mandate is the Holder of the Supreme Authority in this universe. Apart from that, this mandate is called the Great Commission because its reach is all nations (the whole world). The concept of the great commission in Matthew 28:19-20 with a foreground that is different from what existed in the past, which became the background of the passage. Jesus' words in the early days of AD civilization do not always have to be understood as they were in his time, because every event and text cannot be separated from the context that surrounds it.

The Synoptic Gospels talk a lot about the concept of the Kingdom of God in relation to Jesus' teachings about the Kingdom of God, while Paul and other letter writers also teach a lot of it as an important doctrine for the church to know. Jesus not only taught the Kingdom, but Jesus also demonstrated the presence of the kingdom through His ministry. However, even though the Kingdom of God has come and entered the present dimension, the Kingdom of God has been working in secret until the time when the kingdom will appear in its perfection where believers will experience the fullness of the blessings of the Kingdom. The concept of the Kingdom of God is not a mere theoretical concept. He is truly present in the midst of humanity and gives new meaning to every aspect of the lives of believers. The five aspects discussed in this paper (salvation, a victorious life, prayer, ethics and the Church), represent only the broad aspects of the reach of the Kingdom of God. The method in this study uses qualitative methods in the form of descriptive analysis.

The reinforcement method is a positive response to strengthen and to motivate a person to accept himself. This research aims to increase the spirit of life of the elderly, to develop and to manage themselves and to direct good and positive ways of thinking. This research method uses the literature review method by using the results of research analysis, and qualitative data from various sources of scientific articles that have been published previously by analyzing and collecting data from literature sources of information about scientific work. Based on the studies in this research, the important things in the strengthening method are 1) giving warmth of love and affection, 2) enthusiasm in participating in spiritual activities, and 3) meaningfulness in appreciating and living one's outlook on life., 4) avoiding negative responses from the surrounding environment, 5) providing direct reinforcement and various forms of reinforcement to increase Christian values in the elderly.

This research is about the guidance technique of Christian religious instructors for responsible husbands using the lecture method. This study aims to analyze the role of the father by analyzing what is the husband's duties and responsibilities, how to behave as a spiritual leader towards his wife, and how the husband's responsibilities are in accordance with God's word. This type of research uses a literature review by reviewing the results of analysis, research on qualitative data from various previously published scientific articles by analyzing the role of the head of the family as a conceptual framework. All sources were then analyzed by studying the directional lecture method, namely 1) As part of the application and oral narrative by extension workers to gentlemen. 2) Uphold communication with verbal symbols that aim to encourage the most impressed humans (leave a good impression). 3) Organizing counseling accompanied using media to make it easier for instructors and gentlemen to understand the material conveyed by extension workers.

Christian religious instructors in providing counseling to their assisted residents must prepare themselves well, especially when extension workers enter new areas. This preparation is to get to know the culture in the target area, this makes the religious instructors have to have good cultural knowledge so that the counseling can be accepted by the assisted residents in the area. This study aims to: examine the knowledge of culture for religious instructors. The research method is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through literature study as literature material that can present data and is accompanied by supporting documents which are important references in this study. The results of the research show that a cultured Christian instructor is someone who has expertise in teaching the teachings of Christianity to the community and has extensive knowledge of the local culture in the area where they work. In their duties, cultured Christian religious instructors do not only focus on theological and doctrinal aspects of Christianity, but also pay attention to how these religious values can be adapted to local culture. This aims to make the teachings of Christianity more easily understood and accepted by the local community.

The Kurdistan region is all about keeping it green for a sustainable future. As they're growing economically and getting into the industrial game, they've got their eyes on balancing the hustle with protecting the environment. Think renewable energy, eco-friendly buildings, and holding onto their natural treasures like forests and biodiversity. It's a team effort involving the government, businesses, communities, and each person to ensure the region stays solid and sustainable. So, we did some digging to see what companies in Kurdistan are up to in the environmental protection department and why some might be slacking off. Our survey game was strong – we threw out questions, got the lowdown from these companies, and analyzed the info that rolled in. It turns out that the companies we checked out are on the green train. Every single one of them is committed to doing their bit for the environment. They're not just talking the talk; they're walking the walk, positively impacting cleanliness and keeping things eco-friendly. We had them spill the beans in our survey – some written answers, the whole nine yards. These Kurdistan companies shared their experiences on the environmental protection front and spoke about the hurdles they faced. It's clear as day – these companies are serious about keeping it green. Sure, a few might be just doing okay on the commitment scale, but a good chunk of them are going all out. They're not just meeting but exceeding the environmental standards set by the Kurdistan Regional Government. It's a thumbs-up from these companies for environmental protection, and they're not just satisfied – they're pretty happy with the commitment levels set by the regional government. Go green or go home seems to be the motto here!

The provision of early education is the backbone of all other educational levels. The inability by the learner to attain this critical early stage of education becomes daunting for the learner to comprehend some concepts in the later stage of the educational process (Baum et al., 2019). This is one of the reasons early education provision has become an important aspect of every society around the world (Kiende & Orodho, 2019). It is therefore the role of childcare practitioners to pay attention to the differences arising from culture, family, and other environments when handling learners in the early stages. Different parents adopt different parental paradigms (Adhe et al., 2020). The parenting dogma can influence the development of the child leading to either positive or negative educational outcomes. The role of parenting is an important factor for a child to fully develop to the potential. It is widely known that the life of parents affects greatly the general well-being and education of a child (Setiawan et al., 2020). Children do not grow in isolation but rather in an interconnected and interactive cosmos that relies on various factors including culture and family. As children grow in different cultural environments, they receive and learn from the surrounding environment. It becomes critical, therefore, to understand the different cultures, beliefs, and environments affect and influence the early learning of learners. Literature suggests that family has a great influence on the early learning of children leading to implications on the learning of children, pedagogical methods to be employed, teacher training, and policy framing.

The Surabaya City Government's commitment to improving public services, specifically in population administration, is evident through the introduction of the KALIMASADA (Community Area Aware of Population Administration) program by the Population and Civil Registration Office. Despite the strategic role of population administration in effective public service delivery, challenges persist in the Bulak Subdistrict. This qualitative descriptive research, centered on the optimization of the KALIMASADA program in RW 007, Bulak, reveals overall effectiveness. However, the study highlights the need for enhanced socialization efforts to improve public understanding of KALIMASADA and emphasize the importance of population administration. The findings contribute valuable insights into the Surabaya City Government's ongoing efforts to elevate awareness and efficiency in population administration services, underscoring the necessity for continuous improvements to ensure sustained effectiveness.

This essay constitutes a critical review and examination of Alter’s unique literary hermeneutic to the interpretation of biblical passages, mainly the Hebrew Bible. It begins by sketching some of Alter’s stellar academic credentials and the reasons he provided for developing his particular literary approach. The essay proceeds to place Alter’s writings within its proper historical context in order to grasp its theological significance within biblical scholarship, particularly the key roles played by Muilenburg’s contributions and problems associated with standard scholarly interpretations of Jewish history. Then the central features of Alter’s distinctive literary analysis are critically examined and discussed point-by-point. First admitting the Hebrew Bible as a sacred text, Alter professes the aim of exposing the unique literary principles driving biblical narratives, arguing that the meanings underlying those narratives go far beyond the technical social-scientific skill level of most biblical scholars into ancient Hebrew literary conventions. Alter’s major claim that the Hebrew Bible is best understood as theatrical art or prose fiction with biblical writers ‘artfully’ choreographing written texts to create indeterminacy of meaning is profoundly insightful and illuminating, and represents a major contribution to biblical scholarship. However, its strengths are complimented by a few telling weaknesses.

Historical treatment of legal acts on Medicinal Aromatic Plants" (BAM), in Albania and international legal acts on Medicinal Aromatic Plants" (BAM).Albanian legislation, the importance of the implementation of these legal acts for Aromatic Medicinal Plants (BAM), and its evolution due to the economic and political conditions of our country and the improvement in the framework of the reform of the legislation with that of the EU and developed countries on Aromatic Medicinal Plants" (BAM).

The medium of teaching and learning from face to face had to be conducted online will have an impact on students' learning motivation. To that end, an alternative approach is proposed, namely a different teaching approach that focuses on the teaching and learning of writing skills. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study was conducted, which is to detect the extent of learning motivation among form two students in learning writing skills. For this purpose, a set of questionnaire forms containing 32 items were distributed to students during pretest and posttest. Dependent sample t-test analysis showed no significant difference between the level of learning motivation during pretest and posttest, p = 0.304. However, when the mean score is observed, there was an increase of 0.14 (pretest, M = 3.54; SD = 0.53; posttest, M = 3.68; SD = 0.73). Although there was a very small increase in terms of mean score, it can be concluded that different teaching approaches have increased the level of learning motivation among the students studied when the mean score during pretest which was at moderate level has increased to high level of learning motivation during posttest.

This study presents an analysis of K-12 teacher perceptions. The study examines teacher perceptions of learner-centered strategies modeled in professional development and perceptions of learner-centered strategy and technology implementation in the classroom. The findings include strong positive perceptions of the learning strategies modeled with technology integration in their professional learning environments and strong positive perceptions of learner-centered strategies and technology implemented in their classrooms. These findings indicate that based on teacher perceptions, learner-centered strategies modeled with an integration of technology in professional development environments have an increased opportunity for classroom implementation for increased student success outcomes.

Nepal, a Himalayan state, has a diverse topography, including cultures, languages, religions, and ethnicities. Yakkha is one of the listed indigenous nationalities of Nepal and mostly live on the eastern hills of the country. It is different from Rai and Limbu in the context of language, culture, and territory. To consider this, the Nepalese government provides a distinct identity to Yakkha although most people are still unaware of Yakkha and ask whether Yakkha is Rai or Limbu. Still, the Yakkha is kept under Rai even on websites and people are confused. Besides, some original Yakkha themselves write Rai, Dewan, and Limbu as their caste. They are also forgetting Yakkha languages and cultures. So, this article attempts to clarify the identity of Yakkha who is living in the eastern hills. There is much research conducted about indigenous communities by national and international researchers, but very little literature is available regarding Yakkha; as a result, the identity of Yakkha is in transition and it is marginalizing. Still, the ethnic organization has been working for 29 years ago but its tasks are not satisfactory. So, this article attempts to clarify the identity of Yakkha, who is living in the eastern hills of Nepal. Moreover, this paper also tries to portray the causes of the marginalization of Yakkha in Nepal. Mainly, this paper is prepared from the data from a field survey conducted in 2014. In-depth interviews, field notes, and field observation were the main methods adopted to collect the data. In addition, the previous study reports, reports of various censuses, books, and research reports were also equally applied to fulfill the research objectives of this paper. Nowadays, in Nepal, various ethnic groups are raising their voices to establish their identity; however, the Yakkha is not so active. That’s why the identity of the Yakkha is marginalized due to internal and external causes. The researcher found that the less practice of speaking Yakkhas` mother tongue by Yakkha themselves, documentation errors, and lack of research works and publications are the main reasons for marginalizing Yakkha in Nepal.

While Nash (2022) has highlighted the increase in online activities during the pandemic and the broader influence of social media influencers, there remains a scarcity of specialized studies on this topic. This research delves into the impact of Key Opinion Leader (KOL), with a focus on Chau Bui, a famous Vietnamese fashionista and actress, on the attitude towards products of Gen Z in Ho Chi Minh City. Drawing on the groundwork laid by Xu Xu & Stephen Pratt (2018), the study employs quantitative methods and online surveys analyzed through SmartPLS software. The findings reveal a robust correlation between the attractiveness and reputation of KOL, the product's alignment with the KOL, and their collective impact on customers trust and attitudes towards products in Vietnam. These results carry significant implications for marketing practitioners, consumer behavior researchers, and local businesses in both Ho Chi Minh City and Vietnam. The study concludes with insights, limitations, and recommendations for future research.

Homelessness, along with many other social problems, becomes a problem only when it becomes visible to the general public. Failure to address the less visible problems, such as a lack of homes for disadvantaged and marginalized populations, rising low-income rents, and unequal distribution of government resources, result in failures to mitigate homelessness. However, if we note which parts of the homeless population are most disturbing to civil society, and are most vulnerable, we may be able to find the resources and political will to build enough housing, along with supporting social services, to significantly reduce homelessness in America.