Terminology not only serves as a linguistic representation of professional concepts but also functions as an important medium through which learners access disciplinary knowledge systems. For lower-year undergraduate students majoring in science and technology translation, learning Mechanical English should go beyond memorizing bilingual equivalents of terms and focus more on the conceptual relations, formation patterns, and contextual use of terminology. Based on the characteristics of Mechanical English as an ESP course, this study examines the major features of mechanical terminology in terms of conceptual dependence, word formation, and contextual usage. It further explores approaches to cultivating terminological awareness through conceptual system construction, analysis of word formation and naming motivations, and problem-based inquiry. The study argues that integrating terminology learning into professional knowledge systems and authentic discourse contexts can facilitate students’ transition from vocabulary memorization to conceptual understanding and domain-specific judgment, providing implications for the cultivation of terminological competence among undergraduate students majoring in science and technology translation.

Religious freedom is a fundamental human right that serves as a cornerstone of democratic governance, social justice, and peaceful coexistence in pluralistic societies. In Nigeria, the Constitution guarantees every citizen the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Despite these constitutional safeguards, concerns persist regarding the extent to which religious liberty is enjoyed in practice within the country's complex socio-political environment. This paper critically examines whether religious freedom in Nigeria is a lived reality or merely a constitutional ideal. Adopting a qualitative research design based on documentary and library sources, the study analyses constitutional provisions, international human rights instruments, judicial principles, and relevant scholarly literature on religion, governance, and human rights. The paper argues that while Nigeria possesses a comprehensive legal framework protecting religious freedom, persistent challenges such as religious intolerance, violent extremism, political manipulation of religion, weak institutional enforcement, and socio-economic inequalities continue to undermine its practical realization. At the same time, religious organisations have made significant contributions to education, healthcare, humanitarian services, peace building, and national development, demonstrating the positive role religion can play when religious liberty is adequately protected. The study concludes that religious freedom in Nigeria is neither entirely a reality nor wholly a mirage; rather, it exists within a dynamic tension between constitutional guarantees and socio-political realities. It recommends strengthening the rule of law, promoting interfaith dialogue, ensuring impartial governance, enhancing civic education, and encouraging responsible religious leadership as essential measures for safeguarding genuine religious freedom in Nigeria.

The construct of sexual grooming has achieved substantial legal, clinical, and policy influence over the past three decades, yet the empirical foundations upon which this influence rests remain significantly underdeveloped. This article presents a systematic critical review of the peer-reviewed literature on sexual grooming, examining four interconnected areas of scholarly concern: definitional inconsistency across research and legal contexts; methodological limitations in the empirical evidence base; conceptual boundary problems between grooming behaviors and normative relationship initiation; and the neurodevelopmental assumptions embedded in age-based vulnerability frameworks. Drawing on published critiques from criminology, developmental psychology, social work, and legal scholarship, this review argues that the grooming construct as currently operationalized in research and applied in law and clinical practice lacks the definitional precision, measurement consistency, and empirical rigor required of constructs with such significant legal and social consequences. The review does not contest that predatory exploitation of vulnerable individuals occurs and causes serious harm. Rather, it argues that the scientific and legal utility of the grooming construct depends on the resolution of foundational definitional and methodological problems that the field has not yet adequately addressed. Implications for research design, legal application, clinical practice, and policy are discussed.

This study assessed the sustainability of SRHR advocacy projects in rural communities of Traditional Authority Tengani in Nsanje District, Malawi. The study was motivated by growing concerns regarding the continuity of donor-funded advocacy interventions following the withdrawal of financial support, particularly after the suspension of foreign assistance by the United States Government in January 2025. The study explored the strategies used to ensure sustainability of advocacy sustainability of advocacy project and to determined the success factors and constraints for sustainability of advocacy projects particularly SRHR in Nsanje district Malawi.

A descriptive qualitative case study design was adopted. Data were collected from 30 purposively selected participants comprising community members, youth representatives, traditional leaders, religious leaders, health workers, NGO staff, and government officials involved in SRHR advocacy initiatives. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to gather data, while thematic content analysis was employed to analyse the findings.

The findings revealed that SRHR advocacy projects contributed to increased awareness, positive behavior change, improved access to SRHR services, and strengthened community participation. Capacity building, community ownership, stakeholder collaboration, and involvement of traditional and religious leaders enhanced sustainability and community acceptance of the projects. Community structures such as youth clubs, peer educators, and safe spaces continued operating after donor withdrawal, demonstrating some level of self-reliance. However, the study also identified challenges including cultural misconceptions surrounding SRHR, limited funding, weak post-project support, poor coordination among stakeholders, and overdependence on donor resources.

The study concludes that sustainability of SRHR advocacy projects depends on integrated community participation, long-term capacity building, effective stakeholder collaboration, and strong local resource mobilization mechanisms. The study recommends that future SRHR advocacy interventions should incorporate sustainability planning from project inception, strengthen local leadership and institutional systems, and integrate economic empowerment strategies to ensure continuity beyond donor support.

Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau (PCCB) clubs are intended to help young Tanzanians move from learning about corruption to practising integrity in everyday life. This article examines how students and school staff understood this role in four secondary schools in Dar es Salaam. The study used an interpretive qualitative multiple-case design and drew on four 60-minute focus-group discussions involving 24 student club members, as well as five interviews with teachers and a school matron. Data were analysed thematically by comparing experiences across the four schools and examining areas where student and staff accounts supported or differed from one another. The study revealed that participatory activities—including drama, debate, discussion, songs, role play, seminars, guest speakers, media activities and study tours—made ideas about integrity and accountability easier for students to understand, remember and apply. It also revealed that club participation strengthened students’ honesty, confidence, awareness of rights and responsibilities, willingness to discuss corruption, and sense of responsibility towards their schools and wider society. Staff reported that club members participated more confidently in classroom discussions about corruption, ethics, rights and accountability. However, limited time, materials, teacher preparation, student attendance and PCCB support reduced the clubs’ effectiveness. The findings suggest that PCCB clubs can strengthen integrity and accountability when schools provide protected time, trained teacher patrons, meaningful student leadership and sustained PCCB involvement.

This study examined whether curriculum alignment and pedagogical suitability were associated with teachers’ perceived quality of STEM learning materials used in Standards 3–6 in Tanzanian primary schools. A cross-sectional survey of 1,087 respondents from selected regions was analysed. Measures assessed curriculum alignment, pedagogical suitability, and perceived material quality. Both curriculum alignment and pedagogical suitability were positively associated with perceived overall quality and independently predicted it in regression analyses. Together, the two predictors explained 41.9% of the variance in perceived quality; both remained significant after adjustment for location, subject, role, experience, qualification, and region. Open-ended responses most frequently cited shortages of teaching and learning materials and books (54.4%) and the need for increased supply (56.9%). These findings indicate that teachers’ judgements of material quality are closely related to perceived curriculum alignment and pedagogical suitability, while also highlighting the need to improve the supply of STEM learning materials in primary schools.

Universities everywhere are being pushed to run tighter, more transparent, and more responsive administrations, and much of that pressure now lands on how well institutions manage their digital information. This study looked at whether Content Management Systems (CMS) actually make a difference to effective school management, taking the University of Bamenda in Cameroon as a case. We surveyed 145 administrators, lecturers, and support staff, drawn from an estimated population of 1,000 through proportionate stratified and purposive sampling, and analysed their responses using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank-order correlation. The picture that emerged was fairly clear: CMS use and effective school management were positively and significantly related (ρ = .541, p < .001), a moderate-to-large association by conventional standards. In practice, this means staff who work with better-organised, more accessible digital systems also tend to report smoother coordination, communication, planning, and decision-making. The null hypothesis was rejected. We conclude that CMS are not a peripheral IT concern but a genuine lever for administrative performance, and we recommend that the university back this up with real investment in ICT infrastructure, sustained staff training, and clearer policy on how digital content should be managed.