The focus of this study was on the socio-demographic factors that influence investment trends, with an assessment of the status of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in ASEAN member states from 2011 to 2020. To be more precise, the study investigated the distribution of age and sex, adult literacy rates, labor force participation, and unemployment rates among ASEAN countries. It analyzed distribution patterns, assessed statistical differences in FDI among countries, and investigated correlations between FDI and selected socio-demographic indicators. Additionally, it computed the mean FDI inflows per country in US$ million over a ten-year period. The study employed secondary data from the ASEAN Secretariat and other reputable databases, utilizing a retrospective cross-sectional design with trend and correlation analyses. In order to ascertain statistical significance, Pearson's correlation tests and one-way ANOVA were implemented. The results indicated that there were substantial discrepancies in FDI inflows across ASEAN, with Singapore receiving the highest average FDI, followed by Vietnam and Indonesia. The influence of human capital on investment attractiveness was indicated by a modest but statistically significant positive correlation between adult literacy rate and FDI inflows. Although context-specific impacts were suggested by country-level variations, there was no significant linear correlation between labour force participation and unemployment and FDI. The study concludes that FDI in ASEAN is still irregularly distributed and is influenced by both structural economic factors and socio-demographic conditions. It suggests that in order to attract sustainable foreign direct investment, it is necessary to improve regulatory environments, promote sector-specific investments, and enhance education systems. These results provide policymakers with evidence-based insights to develop inclusive, targeted strategies that can promote balanced economic growth throughout the region.

The public transport in Tanzania has undergone a quick adoption of electronic systems which has completely changed the operational landscape of intercity and intracity travel. This study draws results from a systematic literature review for the inferences of e-ticketing regarding financial positions of bus terminal touts’ informal workers who have historically made income through ticket hawking, passenger solicitation, and commission-based activities with bus companies. The review engaged on peer-reviewed articles, government policy documents, grey literature, and empirical reports from Tanzania and similar Sub-Saharan African countries, the review examined the economic displacement effects of digital ticketing, the coping strategies adopted by affected touts, and the broader socioeconomic consequences of transport digitization. Findings indicated that e-ticketing systems greatly decrease informal income streams for touts by eliminating commission-based sales channels, restricting physical ticket access points, and increasing transparency in fare collection. The study also identifies a digital divide as a key vulnerability factor among affected touts. It is recommended that, policies should include financial inclusion programs, digital literacy training, and transitional social protection frameworks to cushion the financial shocks borne by this group of workers.

The term structure of interest rates serves as a fundamental indicator of monetary policy transmission, market expectations, and economic conditions. In Morocco, understanding the dynamics of the yield curve and secondary market behavior is crucial for policymakers, investors, and financial institutions. This study presents a descriptive empirical analysis of the term structure of interest rates in Morocco over the period 2004-2025. The analytical framework examines spread differentials across debt instruments, yield curve construction and evolution, secondary market indicators, and the temporal dynamics of interest rates. The analysis reveals key characteristics of the Moroccan interest rate market, including the shape and shifts of the yield curve, spread behavior across maturities, and the responsiveness of secondary market rates to monetary policy signals. Four major specificities of the yield curve in Morocco emerge from the analysis: first, the absence of yield curve inversion throughout the entire study period; second, the captive holding of government securities by domestic institutional investors; third, the dominant role of Bank Al-Maghrib on the short end of the curve through its weekly open market operations; and fourth, the dependence of the term structure on Treasury financing needs. These findings provide valuable insights into the efficiency and depth of Morocco's debt market, highlighting both the strengths and limitations of the current interest rate transmission mechanism, and offering practical implications for monetary policy design and fixed-income investment strategies in emerging markets.

JEL Classification : E43, E52, E58, G12.

This study investigated experiential learning and entrepreneurial intentions among Business Education undergraduates at the University of Lagos, Nigeria, with emphasis on how practical learning experiences influence students’ entrepreneurial mindset and intentions. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were obtained from 300 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that students had a moderate level of exposure to experiential learning (grand mean = 3.06), with group projects recording the highest mean score (3.25) while internship exposure recorded the lowest (2.85). The results further showed that respondents demonstrated a generally positive entrepreneurial mindset (grand mean = 3.25), particularly in creativity (mean = 3.40) and opportunity recognition (mean = 3.20), although risk-taking was relatively moderate (mean = 3.05). Entrepreneurial intention among respondents was also high (grand mean = 3.19), with strong interest in entrepreneurship as a career option (mean = 3.40), but lower engagement in active business planning (mean = 2.95). Regression analysis indicated that experiential learning significantly influences entrepreneurial mindset (β = 0.62, p < 0.05), entrepreneurial intention (β = 0.48, p < 0.05), and job creation potential (β = 0.44, p < 0.05). The study concludes that experiential learning plays a significant role in shaping entrepreneurial readiness and improving entrepreneurial outcomes among undergraduates.