In  Nigeria, the most well-known social evil is corruption in public space; the situation determine friable self-ruled system by stimulating common disillusion with politics and the politicians alike; it ruined confidence and expectation, which are instruments for upholding advancement as well as sustaining economic and social order. Despite the Battle against corruption in Nigeria, the state still rank on the map of highly corrupt nations globally, it on the bases of this that this paper attempted to assess the mandate of EFCC and the prizefight reduce bribery in the Geo-political Zone of Nigeria. To achieve the aim of this research, Functional Structural theory was adopted. This paper adopted the used of survey method, and it is the best suitable design since it has the benefit of identifying the tenet of large sample, the design was appropriate because the study is qualitative in nature. Structure questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data for both descriptive and inferential statistics. This was considered suitable technique of analysis and the result obtained from the data gathered from the informants revealed that the agency is efficient in handling war against fraud and other related issues in the country and the numbers of successful tried cases were very low compare to corruption and it incidence in Nigeria. Adequate funding and international collaboration was poor within the period of the study, government influence to interfere in the prosecution cases is very high and it was concluded that bribery and corruption  marred/ scared economic development and national security, this is because, corruption gives a country and her people a bad light and images. A nation that abides corruption is often overwhelmed with a lot of social vices, political instability and economic stagnation, which ultimately cripples any significant national development. It is recommended that the anti-graft agency should be granted complete independence in tackling corruption cases, strengthen international collaboration in fighting corruptions and the agency should intensified more measures of tried cases and those who found guilty of the act should face the firing squad.

This study examines the morphologic segmentation linearity in Robert Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken," focusing on the interplay between morphological units and the poem's linear structure. By analyzing the poem's morphology, the research investigates how the segmentation of words and their morphological components contribute to the overall meaning and rhythm of the text. Employing a detailed linguistic framework, the study explores the alignment of morphemes with the poem's syntactic and phonological patterns, revealing insights into Frost's use of language to enhance thematic depth and emotional resonance. The findings underscore the significance of morphological segmentation in understanding the intricate layers of poetic expression and its impact on reader interpretation. This research not only sheds light on Frost's poetic techniques but also contributes to broader discussions in linguistic studies concerning the relationship between morphology and literary form.

Taking 200 foreign articles on AI-enabled English learning from the Web of Science Core Collection database published between 2015 and 2025 as research samples, this study adopts CiteSpace visualization software to conduct a systematic visual analysis from the dimensions of annual publication volume statistics, keyword co-occurrence, keyword burst detection, keyword clustering analysis and so forth. The results reveal that the overall development of this field presents a trend of initial stagnant growth followed by explosive expansion. Driven by the emergence of generative artificial intelligence since 2022, the annual publication output has grown exponentially. A comprehensive research system has been constructed centering on generative AI, English language learning, and human-robot co-learning. Furthermore, research frontiers have gradually shifted toward practical teaching implementation, learner psychological intervention, and intrinsic studies of second language acquisition. Among them, learner language anxiety and second language acquisition remain persistent hotspots at present. By systematically sorting out the developmental trajectory and overall research landscape of the field, this study identifies existing research gaps, so as to provide references for subsequent academic research and teaching practice in AI-enabled English learning.

This article analyzes the recent development of China–Malaysia economic cooperation in the context of intensifying US–China geo-economic competition, global supply chain restructuring, and Malaysia’s increasingly prominent role within ASEAN. Drawing on an international political economy approach, the article argues that China–Malaysia economic relations have evolved beyond conventional bilateral trade into a multi-layered framework encompassing trade, foreign direct investment, infrastructure, the digital economy, artificial intelligence, customs logistics, and green transformation. China has remained Malaysia’s largest trading partner for sixteen consecutive years, while Malaysia recorded substantial growth in national trade in 2024, with China continuing to occupy the leading position. The article further contends that Malaysia has not passively accommodated China’s economic rise; rather, Kuala Lumpur has pursued a pragmatic hedging strategy by leveraging Chinese capital, technology, and markets while simultaneously maintaining strategic balance with the United States, Japan, the European Union, and ASEAN.

Small ruminant production constitutes an important livelihood activity for rural households in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in contexts characterized by economic vulnerability and limited access to formal employment. In Cameroon, sheep and goat production contributes to household income generation, food security, cultural practices, and social resilience. However, the sector continues to face multiple sociological and structural constraints that affect productivity and sustainability. This study examined the sociological determinants of small ruminant herd production in the Littoral Region of Cameroon using a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in 2024 among 151 farmers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 26. The findings revealed that small ruminant production was predominantly male dominated, with men representing 90.1% (136/151) of producers. Most respondents had attained secondary education, while 56.9% (62/109) had less than five years of farming experience. Goat production was largely characterized by small herd ownership, whereas sheep production exhibited relatively balanced herd-size distribution. Only 13.9% (21/151) of farmers belonged to producer associations, reflecting weak institutional organization within the sector. Commercialization was highly seasonal, with 66.9% (87/130) of farmers reporting increased sales during the Tabaski period. Feeding constraints (41.1%; 62/151), health problems (35.8%; 54/151), and theft (26.5%; 40/151) emerged as the principal production challenges. The study concludes that small ruminant production in the Littoral Region remains largely smallholder-based, weakly institutionalized, and constrained by structural vulnerabilities. Strengthening producer organizations, improving veterinary extension systems, and enhancing feed accessibility are essential for sustainable livestock development in the region.

This study examined the role of assessment in improving accountability and quality education provision. The study was guided by four research questions and four null hypotheses. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. The population of the study was 400 respondents comprising 176 lecturers of the faculty of education, school of education and school of adult and non-formal education of the two federal higher institutions of learning on one hand and 224 lecturers of the faculties of education of the two state higher institutions of learning on another hand all in Rivers State. The entire population of 400 was taken as a census for the study. A self-structured 16-items questionnaire titled “role of assessment in improving accountability and quality education provision” was used for data collection. The research instrument was subjected to face and content validity by two experts: one in the field of adult education and one in the field of measurement and evaluation. The instrument was subjected to a test of internal consistency using Cronbach Alpha method. Reliability coefficient value of 0.82 was obtained in the instrument. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and Z-Test to test hypotheses. It was found out that those saddled with the responsibility of providing education are not adequately accountable. The study also revealed that assessment will improve accountability and the provision of quality education. The paper, therefore, concludes that assessment is a necessary requirement for accountability and provision of quality education.  The study therefore recommended, among other things, that government and heads of institutions of learning should provide mechanism for the assessment of the processes of teaching and learning.