The Middle East has been mired in prolonged armed conflicts and geopolitical confrontation in recent years, resulting in catastrophic damage to regional public health systems and severe violations of the fundamental right to health. This study analyzes the multi‑dimensional public health crisis triggered by the ongoing Middle East conflict, including the collapse of medical infrastructure, widespread mental health trauma, and environmental health risks. It systematically introduces the origin, core principles, and contemporary value of the Bandung Spirit, which emerged from the 1955 Asian‑African Conference. The paper further explores how the Bandung Spirit with its emphasis on sovereignty, non‑interference, peaceful coexistence, unity, and South‑South cooperation can provide a constructive framework to resolve the Middle East deadlock and protect public health. The analysis demonstrates that peaceful negotiation, sovereign equality, and collective humanitarian cooperation are essential to rebuilding health systems and safeguarding the lives and well‑being of local populations.

Uttarakhand, a Himalayan state characterized by fragile ecosystems and limited industrial opportunities, faces persistent challenges of rural out-migration and livelihood insecurity. In recent years, tourism has emerged as a potential driver of economic development in hill regions. This study explores the integration of tea tourism and homestay enterprises as a sustainable and inclusive development model for Uttarakhand. Tea tourism, as a niche form of agritourism, offers experiential value through plantation visits, tea processing, and cultural interactions, while homestay tourism promotes community participation and local income generation. The study adopts a descriptive and exploratory research design based on secondary data, including government reports, research articles, and case studies from tea-producing regions such as Assam and Darjeeling. The paper proposes an integrated model linking tea plantations with homestay services to create a localized tourism ecosystem. This model aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Vision 2047 agenda by promoting rural entrepreneurship, reducing migration, and ensuring environmentally sustainable growth. The study concludes that a coordinated policy framework and community participation are essential to harness the full potential of tea tourism and homestay enterprises in Uttarakhand.

This study examines the effect of iBtegrated reporting on the financial performance of  Deposit Money Banks listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX), specifically focusing on Earnings Per Share (EPS) as a measure of financial performance. The integrated reporting framework, based on the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) guidelines, includes disclosures on Organizational Overview (OV), Governance (GOV), Business Model (BM), Risks and Opportunities (RO), Strategy and Resource Allocation (SRA) and Performance (PERF). Using regression analysis, the study tests six(6)hypotheses, one for each disclosure component. Results indicate that none of the integrated reporting components have a significant positive effect on EPS, suggesting limited impact on financial performance within the Nigerian context. This finding may reflect a misalignment between investor priorities and integrated reporting disclosures in an emerging market where financial metrics may outweigh non-financial disclosures. The study highlights the potential for investor education and tailored reporting practices to enhance the perceived value of integrated reporting. The limitations of the study include its focus on industrial goods firms and reliance on EPS as the sole performance measure. Further research is recommended to explore alternative performance metrics, sector-specific effects, and the impact of integrated reporting on non-financial outcomes in emerging markets.

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a basic technology in photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, which allows converters to obtain the maximum power allowed by solar panels at different environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the output load waveform of traditional converters with MPPT control has a large ripple, harmonic distortion, and transient swings that negatively affect the quality of power and has a negative impact on load performance, battery life, and grid compatibility. This research paper gives an in-depth study of the nature, causes and remedial measures related to the output load waveform of MPPT systems.

The paper discusses the underlying operating principles of MPPT algorithms such as Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC), Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage (FOCV) and enhanced metaheuristic algorithms. The algorithmic effects that create waveform distortions, such as duty cycle oscillations, tracking-related voltage ripple and transient overshoot, are discussed. An organized list of techniques to modify the output waveform is provided and includes passive filtering, active filtering, multi-stage converter topologies, hybrid energy storage integration, model predictive control (MPC) and advanced modulation strategies.

The effectiveness of different approaches to waveform modification is compared using synthesis of simulation results and experimental validation data in published literature. Quantitative comparison shows the performance metrics such as Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), ripple factor, settling time and tracking efficiency being tabulated. The paper ends by discussing the new research directions such as AI-based MPPT, digital twin validation models, and adaptive waveform shaping of future generation PV systems. The results show that a combined algorithm-level refinement and hardware-level filtering results in THD improvements of up to 82 percent and at the same time, maintenance of MPPT tracking efficiency of over 98 percent.