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Original Article169 downloads
Determining Kinetic Coefficients of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Tripikon-S Septic Tank with Monod Formula: An Experiment StudyThe research goal is to investigate the kinetic coefficients of Tripikon-S. The experiment was conducted on a Tripikon-S reactor scale bench laboratory. Domestic wastewater and anaerobic seed sludge were collected from the WWTP Taman Tun Dr. Ismail in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The kinetic investigation was carried out by continuously pushing the wastewater at five different flow rates into the reactor with a peristaltic pump. The experiment samples of treating wastewater were collected from the reactor's inner and outlet lines to monitor chemical oxygen demand (C.O.D), pH, and temperature twice daily. The activated sludge samples inside the reactor were collected using the specific hose to measure the concentration of Volatile Suspended Solids (V.S.S) three times per week. Ammonia (NH3-N), Orthophosphate (PO4-P), Total Volatile Acids (T.V.A), and alkalinity levels were measured once a week. The Monod formula was used to determine the kinetic coefficients, resulting in the values of the maximum specific growth rate (µmax) of 0.0021 d-1, specific decay rate (Kd) of 0.001 d-1, saturation constant (Ks) of 52.16 mg/L C.O.D., growth yield (Y) 0.062 (g V.S.S)/(g C.O.D) and maximum substrate utilization rate (k) 0.034 (g C.O.D)/(g V.S.S.d) with the treatment efficiency was 97% for COD elimination.
Original Article589 downloads
From Custodians to Creators: Youth and the Reimagining of Intangible Heritage in Conflict ZonesIn areas that experience continuous wars, the places that were destroyed along with the cultures that were erased are leading to the youth of the place becoming the promoters of the preservation and the update of the cultural heritage of the community. This article presents an analysis of young people in Palestine, Syria, and the Afghan diaspora, who are taking advantage of digital platforms—like TikTok, Instagram, and virtual museums—to register, change the interpretation of, and pass along traditional knowledge, oral histories, rituals, and performative practices. A comparative, desk-based analysis forms the backbone of the study, which celebrates these youth-led initiatives not only as the vehicle that carries the safeguarding of heritage, but also as the means of its changing of the histories that help colonialist narratives of geography and institutional gatekeeping.
The paper embraces participatory heritage theory and decolonial digital epistemologies and is a thesis that those practices are very much the kind of cultural resistance and identity reconstruction that is apt especially in those places where heritage is treated as the enemy or is the hand that wields political power. Through positioning youth as the creators—not merely the custodians—of cultural memory, the study discloses the prodigious power of digital storytelling in constructing more diversified and strong heritage futures, and highlights four themes: youth authorship, platforms as resistance, intergenerational transmission, and hybrid diasporic identities.
Original Article136 downloads
An Examination of Children’s Behaviors toward Animals According to Various VariablesThis study was conducted to examine children's behavior toward animals based on various variables. The study population consisted of primary and secondary schools located in the central Pendik district of Istanbul. The study sample included 667 children in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grades of these schools who volunteered to participate in the study. The data in the study were collected using a "General Information Form" and the "Animal Behavior Scale" developed by Aysu et al. (2021). SPSS was used to analyze the data collected in the study. An independent samples t-test was used to examine whether the total scores obtained from the Animal Behavior Scale showed significant differences according to various independent variables. The Bonferroni test was applied to determine differences between groups. The study found that the mean score of eighth-grade children was lower than the mean score of fourth-, fifth-, sixth-, and seventh-grade children; the mean score of fourth-grade primary school children with two or more siblings was higher than that of single children, and the mean score of children with pets was higher than that of children without pets; the mean score of sixth- and seventh-grade middle school girls was higher than that of boys, and the mean score of children with pets was higher than that of children without pets; the mean score of eighth-grade middle school children with pets was higher than that of children without pets. It was determined that the total score obtained on the Behavior Towards Animals Scale for fifth-grade middle school children did not differ according to any variable. Furthermore, analyses conducted on all children included in the study revealed that girls' average scores were higher than boys'; children with mothers who had a high school education or higher were higher than children with a middle school education or lower; children with working mothers were higher than children with unemployed mothers; and children with pets were higher than children without pets. These results are believed to form the basis for future studies on instilling positive behaviors in children toward living things within the context of environmental education.
Original Article119 downloads
Teaching Strategies for Writing Admission Reports in German Language ClassesThe precise and professional preparation of admission reports is a key skill in the nursing profession, particularly for nurses working in German-speaking countries. This article examines linguistic and didactic strategies to support nurses in German language classes in preparing admission reports. It highlights the importance of the admission report as the first document during patient admission, containing key information for treatment and care. The linguistic requirements for nurses, such as the correct use of specialist terminology, grammatical structures, and neutral, objective expression, are discussed. The article also highlights the application of didactic methods such as task-based learning, CLIL (Integrated Content and Language Learning), and communicative approaches to prepare participants for the real-life demands of everyday nursing practice. Furthermore, practice-oriented exercises such as simulations, role plays, and analytical activities are presented to help students develop their linguistic and professional skills. In summary, it is emphasized that linguistic competence in the area of documentation is not only crucial for the quality of patient care, but also for the professional integration and recognition of nurses in German-speaking countries.
Original Article136 downloads
SPORTS MATCH PREDICTION MODELS: A MINI-REVIEW ACROSS MULTIPLE SPORTSSports prediction models are a vital area of sports analytics that uses statistical modeling, data mining, and machine learning to predict results and guide decision-making in the sports industry. Any kind of coach, analyst, bettor or fan can benefit from the football, handball, cricket, tennis, basketball forecasting abilities. However, the literature considered indicates a methodology progression, and the use of traditional statistical models, such as Logistic Regression, Poisson Regression, Gaussian approximation, etc. was superseded by the use of modern artificial intelligence techniques, such as adaptive back-propagation neural networks, ensemble learning methods, and “explainable AI integrated with deep learning”. Conclusions indicate that, in distinct sports, different information is relevant: in football defensive efficiency and shooting accuracy is dominating, whereas in cricket overs and wickets influence game outcomes, in tennis game performance predicting momentum is important and in basketball the recent number of won games proves very useful. In the meantime, studies in handball are growing rapidly and include the use of a sensor-based inertial measurement unit (IMU) and computer vision techniques. This paper synthesizes contributions from 2016 to 2025, identifies methodological strengths and limitations, and proposes future directions focusing on generalizable models, multi-modal data integration, and transparent explainable systems.
Original Article54 downloads
META-ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS TRAINING ON TABLE TENNIS PLAYER PERFORMANCEPsychological skills training (PST) has been increasingly recognized as a vital component in enhancing athletic performance, particularly in precision sports like table tennis. This meta-analysis synthesizes evidence from intervention studies examining the impact of PST on table tennis players' performance and related psychological outcomes. A systematic search identified five eligible studies involving a total of 50 participants. Studies employed various PST techniques, including self-talk, imagery, goal setting, visualization, and cognitive-behavioral anger management. Outcomes included improvements in psychological skills (e.g., via Test of Performance Strategies), reductions in anxiety and anger, and enhanced performance metrics. Using a random-effects model, the overall standardized mean difference (SMD) for PST effects on psychological outcomes was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.68–1.56), indicating a large positive effect. Heterogeneity was moderate (I² = 52%). Findings suggest PST significantly boosts table tennis performance, though limited by small sample sizes and varied methodologies. Future research should prioritize larger randomized controlled trials.