This research aims to determine the effect of woven geotextile reinforcement on increasing the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on peat soil. The peat soil sample from Sukadamai Village, Pedamaran District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, with characteristics of water content (, 357.361%), specific gravity (Gs) 1.534, organic content 67.087%, and pH 5.75. The testing method was carried out in the laboratory using foundation modeling with variations in depth and number of layers of geotextile reinforcement. Testing was carried out using the direct loading method and analysis of load graphs against settlement. Results showed that woven geotextile reinforcement significantly increased the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. The maximum bearing capacity value was recorded at 12.81 kPa or increased by 3.03% at a variation in reinforcement depth d = 0.25B with 3 layers of geotextile and a reinforcement width of 60 cm × 60 cm. The highest Bearing Capacity Ratio (BCR) value of 3.09 was also achieved in this configuration. The more layers and the more optimal the depth of reinforcement, the greater the bearing capacity produced. This research concludes that the use of woven geotextiles is effective in improving the characteristics of peat soil for shallow foundation construction purposes, and opens up opportunities for further development for implementation in the field.

Abstract: Peat soil is a mixture of organic fragments originating from vegetation that has chemically turned into fossils. Peat soil is included in a broader category of soil called organic soil, which is soil that has a significant organic content that affects the geotechnical properties of the soil. Peat is organic soil with a high organic content. Because of the soft nature of peat soil, reinforcement is carried out using Biaxial Geogrid. From the model research in the laboratory, the results showed that with the addition of the number of reinforcement layers and the effective depth distance of the layers, it would provide a greater BCR (Bearing Capacity Ratio) value. After testing the variation of reinforcement sizes 2B, 3B and 4B with a layer depth of d = 0.25B; d = 0.5B; and d = 1B with the number of layers 1 layer, 2 layers and 3 layers with 2 types of geogrid reinforcement, the combination that provided the highest bearing capacity value was the use of a variation of reinforcement size 4B with a layer depth of d = 1B with a number of layers 3 layers with Biaxial Geogrid reinforcement. The bearing capacity value is 13.6076 kPa with a BCR value of 3.704 or an increase of 270.370%.

Many envy or ignore it; others, including myself, consider it ahead of its time. Molecular medicine is defined as something that comes before and after the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Today, there are undoubtedly various modifications or variants of PCR: nested PCR, multiplex PCR, and even a pre-reaction has been added, giving rise to RT-PCR. His legacy is indelible and lasting; it was not for nothing that he received the news of his Nobel Prize in 1993 while surfing in California. This admirable technique has been used in several attempts to scrutinize the genome of any pathogen, whether DNA or RNA. Without going any further, SARS-CoV-2 variants can be identified by applying this technique in conjunction with nucleotide sequencing. In the time we have left, and if another pathogen of human or veterinary interest were to emerge (as will happen), we already have a powerful technique to try to understand its genome, its possible variants, and be in a better position to confront it.

In this paper, we present the optimization and investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer in advanced heat sink geometries by the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics. Three new heat sink configurations (C1, C2, and C3) were optimized and compared with the traditional straight-fin heat sink to analyze the thermal and hydraulic performance at varying operating conditions. Simulations were carried out for varying Reynolds numbers (200 to 1000) with constant heat flux (266,000 W/m²) to simulate the conditions for electronic applications with high power. Results indicate that fin thickness and shape play a crucial role in heat transfer efficiency and pressure drop. For instance, the Nusselt number increased by 47% (from 7.48 to 22 for Re=1000) with increased fin thickness from 1 mm to 2 mm, but the friction factor increased by 120% (from 0.17 to 0.374 for Re=1000) accordingly. C3 had the highest maximum thermal performance with the highest Nusselt number (38.4 at Re=1000) which is an enhancement of 123 with respect to the traditional design. The Thermal Performance Factor (TPF) of C3 had a maximum of 1.456 with Re= 600, which was the most appropriate ratio between heat transfer improvement and pressure drop. The temperature contours and velocity profiles showed that there is good dissipation of heat and flow dynamics with temperature differences that come with a 30-55 temperature range and velocity difference indicating the recirculation zones where efficacy of transferring heat occurred. The observations are very useful in designing advanced heat sinks that will have the potential of better thermal management in the electronic systems of high power. The work bridges the gap that has been there between experimental optimization and practical use that is geared towards the advancement of more efficient cooling technologies of contemporary electronics.

Stocks are a vital component in the global financial system because they not only provide alternative financing for companies, but also become investment instruments for individuals and institutions. stock prices tend to be volatile and are influenced by many external factors, so forecasting methods are needed that can effectively handle these dynamics and uncertainties. Conventional approaches such as technical and fundamental analysis still have limitations in overcoming complex and non-linear data patterns. Therefore, this research uses Cheng's Fuzzy Time Series method as a more flexible alternative in analyzing and predicting stock prices. This research focuses on Apple Inc. stock, which is one of the issuers with the largest market capitalization in the world. Historical data is taken from the Kaggle platform with a time span of 1980 to 2025, but the period used for forecasting starts from January 2020 to June 2, 2025. The prediction process was carried out for June to December 2025, using three configurations of the number of intervals, namely 7, 9, and 11, to determine the effect of interval selection on the accuracy of the model. Based on the evaluation results, the use of 11 intervals provides the best performance with a MAPE value of 2.36% and an RMSE of 6.28. Furthermore, long-term forecasting until December 2026 was also conducted using the same intervals, and the results showed that the model maintained a stable level of accuracy.

Joining of highly engineered materials and especially high-strength alloys and composites is of great significance in the contemporary manufacturing process where high performance demands and material soundness are critical. The research looks into how welding processes have evolved to address the demands of the new high strength steels, titanium alloys and composite materials which are widely applied to the aerospace, automotive and the energy industries. These materials already have better qualities and are hard to weld because of such problems like thermal distortion, microstructural changes and losses in the mechanical properties during welding. The article discusses some of the welding techniques such as Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Electron Beam Welding (EBW) and Laser Welding and their merits and challenges. Some of the most critical issues commented on are the effects of heating on the microstructure/mechanical properties of welds, complications of joining unlike metals and interconnection of high-tech technologies like automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and computational modeling in strengthening welding process. The article goes further to explore some of the modes of non-destructive evaluation (NDE), which include ultrasonic testing and radiography inspection, which are fundamental in the quality check of a weld without compromising the material. With the demand of the high-performance materials rising, the necessity of the improved welding process and understanding of how the materials behave under the condition of the welding is crucial. The paper also cites research gaps in the practice and research fronts of welding, as well as what researchers are supposed to do in future to enhance further work in welding to the needs of high performance industries in the future.

The Gambia experiences rain fed agriculture in which 70% of smallholder farmers are engaged in crops and livestock production for sustainable livelihood improvement. The production of rice for food self-sufficiency is a policy direction of the government to increase yield capacity and income of smallholder farmers in the rural communities of the Gambia. The production of rice is associated to tidal and pumps irrigation in low land alluvial soils while upland rice production depends on rain-fed agriculture. The objective of this research trial was to determine yield potentials and cost-benefits of rice production. The field experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with different treatments and parameters. The data collected and analyzed using ANOVA and excel sheet with analysis of variances. The trial reveals that nitrogen 150kg/ha produced the highest yield of 4.96 tons/ha, whereas nitrogen zero which is control (0) kg/ha produced the lowest yield of 1.97 ton/ha while nitrogen of 100kg/ha and N50kg/ha recorded a ripening percentage ratio of 75.50% and 70.87% respectively. The trial further depicts that, the application of 50kg/ha of nitrogen provides the highest marginal rate of return making it the most cost-effective option. The application of 150kg/ha produces the highest yield and net income, it incurs higher costs and exhibits diminishing returns beyond 50kg/ha. The importance of balancing input levels with economic efficiency to optimize farmer profits.Basing on the research findings I conclude that the marginal rate of returns MRR) was determined to ascertain the financial reliability of adopting the rate of 50kg/ha as the best agricultural practice while recommending to government implement the national rice development strategy in the drive attaining rice self-sufficiency.

This study aimed to examine the degree to which early childhood teachers in the Arab community of the Northern Triangle region in the Palestinian interior practice digital education skills, and to analyze differences based on teaching experience and academic qualifications. A descriptive-analytical approach was used to realistically assess and interpret the educational phenomena. Data was collected using a questionnaire developed from theoretical literature and previous relevant studies. The questionnaire covered domains such as digital planning, implementing technology-supported educational activities, and using digital media in learning environments. The study population included 486 kindergarten teachers in the Northern Triangle area of Haifa District, from which a purposive sample of 70 teachers was selected. Results showed that teachers’ digital skills ranged from moderate to high. Teachers demonstrated strong skills in basic computer use and digital file preparation, while gaps were apparent in specialized areas like educational software design and creative technology integration. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in digital skills related to academic qualifications. However, statistically significant differences favored less experienced teachers. The study recommends specialized training programs, enhanced digital infrastructure, and ongoing pedagogical and technical support to improve teachers’ digital competencies.

This article, grounded on the fourth pillar from the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), results from a particular set of reflections about the complexity of a classical concepts within the pedagogical sciences. It is a paramount study, given the social and technological emerging dynamics, being the AI its highest level, from which, a lot of fear and worry are allegedly arising among professors and educators, who feel their professional activities and survive debilitated on its mission. To a particular group, AI is a reliving tool but at a lower level, under the magistocentrism making the regards to the future professionals, the worst professionals of the history of the humanity. Here the main goal was to obtain an extensive perception from the Professors, and a deep complex reflection they have about some of the key concepts being addressed in this study, as well as its exploration in the classroom teaching to train their trainees. This research is applied in nature, with a qualitative approach, due to the natural environment through which the data collection has been carried out, and the researcher as a key tool in a descriptive research of this kind. The target participants are college Educators, at the level of Professors, performing their professional activities at higher pedagogical training institutions. The research data collection tools were biographical reviews/narratives and a semi-structured interview to get the empirical data, and for the data analysis, the study resorted to content analysis under the categorical analysis type. The major findings allowed the confirmation of the Educators’ restricted and limited perception of the complexity of the classical concepts being addressed in this study.