Background Hookworm infestation is one of the commonest intestinal helminths affecting man and can be a significant cause of anaemia and malnutrition among vulnerable population. It is not only preventable but the means to treat are readily available and cheap. Aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of species of hookworm infestation among antenatal clinic attendees and the possible risk factors. Materials and Methods: A facility based cross sectional study among 200 consenting antenatal clinic clients at booking at Federal Medical centre Keffi was carried out. Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit all eligible consenting clients thereafter self administered questionnaire containing bio-data, possible socio-demographic risk factors and Obstetric history was completed by each participants. Blood and Stool samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for packed cell volume and hookworm respectively. The result was analyzed using SPSS 23. It was summarized as frequency and percentages for categorical variables, mean and standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables. Independent samples t-test was used for the comparison of continuous variables. The p-value was considered to be significant if < 0.05.Results; The prevalence of hookworm infestation among the studied population was 10% (n=20) with Necator americanus specie constituting 85%. The mean age of the women was 31.00 (SD ±6.077). and majority are literate (96.5%), over 2/3rd resides in the rural communities, the associated risk factors identified include place of residence (p-0.000), sewage disposal system (p-0.029) and source of water (0.002). Conclusion: The prevalence is significant especially among rural dwellers with Necator americanus as the dominant specie. Urgent action is required to improve their sewage disposal system as well as provision of portal and safe water supply.

Background: Medication error (ME) is any preventable event in the treatment process that may lead to inappropriate medication use or cause harm to the patient.1 Emergency Department (ED) is usually the most frequently visited department of an hospital and more medication error prone.7,9 The frequency of medication errors varies from 4%-39% in different Emergency department settings.10,11 Material and Methods: It’s a prospective cross-sectional observational study, done in the emergency hospital of a tertiary care hospital, Islamabad during two months duration. A total of 928 patients were evaluated, to see the medication errors while administering the prescribed drugs. Prescribed drugs were evaluated with the help of healthcare providers. Data was put and analyzed in SPSS 16. Results: Among 928 patients 535 (57.6%) were males and remaining 393 (42.4%) were females. 66 (7.1%) out of 928 patients had some kind of medication error. Among 66 patients, 10(15.2%) were given medications incorrectly (identity error), 40 (60.6%) had dose medication error, 8 (12.1%) patients were given incorrect dosage form, 7 (10.6%) patients were given through incorrect dosage route and only 1 patient had frequency medication error. Conclusion: The frequency of medication errors was 7.1%, Majority of errors were due to improper dose formation and administration, than wrong patients, dosage form and dosage route. Although, studied patients didn’t have adverse effects of these errors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the various risk factors for carbapenem resistant gram negative bacterial infections. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study done in a multispecialty hospital in Chennai. Data was collected from the medical records of the patients in a data collection sheet. Results: The various risk factors/ comorbidities associated with carbapenem resistant infections were presence of indwelling devices, hospitalisation within previous 12 months, Diabetes mellitus, ICU admission, previous exposure to antibiotics, prolonged hospitalisation for >10 days and Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Conclusion: Identifying risk factors for Carbapenem-resistant infections enables early detection, prompt initiation of suitable antibiotics, and timely isolation precautions, thereby reducing the spread of Multidrug resistant Organisms (MDROs). This insight aids clinicians in selecting effective presumptive therapy, improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, publishing such data raises awareness about the critical need for robust infection control and antimicrobial stewardship practices to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Dysmenorrhea spans across 45 to 95% of all menstruating women in their reproductive ages because lower progesterone levels trigger elevated PGE2 levels bringing on menstrual pain. A research investigation evaluated yoga practice as a substitute therapy to manage primary dysmenorrhea so women can maintain daily activities naturally through their menstrual cycle without medication needs. As a holistic practice consisting of body postures and breathing exercises yoga regulates the nervous system to strengthen glands and muscles which subsequently eases menstrual pain. The public discourse about menstruation stays limited in our culture because people avoid discussing the subject while failing to address the issue. One thousand eighty-eight women participating in 11-year research (2011-2022) between the ages of 15 to 22 formed the subject base. The research investigated whether yoga performed better than naturopathy combined with yuvani churna and vitamin E therapies. Research outcomes indicated that yoga proved more successful than other treatments at reducing dysmenorrhea symptoms according to 93.75% of analysed studies. Specific studies found that practicing yoga activates endorphins which serve as the body's organic substances for pain management while PGE2 levels naturally decline. Yoga produces substantial effects which decrease prostaglandin levels thus providing relief from primary dysmenorrhea symptoms. Women discover yoga serves as a life-changing method which lets them manage menstrual discomfort for regular functioning even in the midst of their menstrual cycle. The results showcase the need to treat dysmenorrhea together with showing how yoga can serve as an effective alternative to medication for this condition.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing inventory management across industries, particularly in healthcare, by enhancing operational efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness. This paper explores the role of AI in healthcare inventory management, detailing its impact on demand forecasting, real-time inventory tracking, predictive maintenance, and warehouse automation. AI methodologies such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, expert systems, and robotics are examined for their ability to improve decision-making, reduce waste, and ensure the timely availability of critical medical supplies. The integration of AI technologies enables proactive and data-driven inventory control, supporting cost reduction, regulatory compliance, and improved patient care outcomes. Furthermore, the paper classifies AI based on its capability, functionality, and methodology while highlighting its applications across various sectors including healthcare, finance, education, and more. The study concludes that AI is not only transforming inventory management systems but also laying the groundwork for smarter, more agile, and resilient supply chains.