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Characterization of Hookworm infestation in pregnant Women in a Tertiary Health Facility in North Central Nigeria


Author: Ochima Onazi*, Ochima Oyiga Favour, Ezekwere Samuel Chimezie, Akafa Ranyang, Fijabi Olusegun Matthew, Ojunrogbe Adegoriola
Infertility and Reproductive medicine unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical centre Keffi Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Published Date: 2025-07-10
Keywords: Anaemia; Characterization; Hookworm; Pregnant women; Risk factors.
Abstract:
Background Hookworm infestation is one of the commonest intestinal helminths affecting man and can be a significant cause of anaemia and malnutrition among vulnerable population. It is not only preventable but the means to treat are readily available and cheap. Aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of species of hookworm infestation among antenatal clinic attendees and the possible risk factors. Materials and Methods: A facility based cross sectional study among 200 consenting antenatal clinic clients at booking at Federal Medical centre Keffi was carried out. Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit all eligible consenting clients thereafter self administered questionnaire containing bio-data, possible socio-demographic risk factors and Obstetric history was completed by each participants. Blood and Stool samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for packed cell volume and hookworm respectively. The result was analyzed using SPSS 23. It was summarized as frequency and percentages for categorical variables, mean and standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables. Independent samples t-test was used for the comparison of continuous variables. The p-value was considered to be significant if < 0.05.Results; The prevalence of hookworm infestation among the studied population was 10% (n=20) with Necator americanus specie constituting 85%. The mean age of the women was 31.00 (SD ±6.077). and majority are literate (96.5%), over 2/3rd resides in the rural communities, the associated risk factors identified include place of residence (p-0.000), sewage disposal system (p-0.029) and source of water (0.002). Conclusion: The prevalence is significant especially among rural dwellers with Necator americanus as the dominant specie. Urgent action is required to improve their sewage disposal system as well as provision of portal and safe water supply.