E-government applications are instruments in the search for solutions to the real problem of state reform and strengthening the efficiency and capacities of the administration. The latter can testify to a working instrument at the service of a management carried out with evolutionary, efficient, transparent and participatory rigor. For this reason, the Congolese authorities should seriously consider social networks as a means of modernizing the Congolese public administration is one of the instruments to get the country out of the chronic and pathological territorial under-administration, which has characterized it for several years. Despite the problems (hacking, indiscretion) that they generate and the challenges they face, this practice should be encouraged.

The shift to remote learning has created an urgent need to re-evaluate traditional assessment methods, prompting a focus on psychometric assessments as a potential solution. Psychometric assessments, designed to measure cognitive abilities, personality traits, and learning styles, offer valuable insights that can be used to enhance educational outcomes in virtual settings. This study explores the effectiveness of using psychometric tools in remote education, particularly in personalizing learning experiences, identifying learning difficulties, and promoting self-awareness among students. By tailoring educational approaches based on individual learning profiles, psychometrics can help address diverse student needs. However, several challenges accompany the use of these assessments in virtual environments, including concerns about test security, the potential for cultural and demographic bias, and the impact of external factors like distractions and technical issues on assessment performance. The study addresses these issues by discussing strategies such as employing secure online proctoring services, selecting culturally sensitive and validated assessments, and creating structured, distraction-free testing environments. Additionally, the need to adapt psychometric assessments for online administration without compromising fairness or accuracy is emphasized. The study concludes by offering best practices for effectively integrating psychometric assessments into remote learning environments and calls for further research to explore the long-term efficacy and equity of these tools in remote education. As the educational landscape continues to evolve, psychometrics can play a crucial role in shaping personalized, fair, and effective assessment strategies for remote learners.

In Cameroon, particularly in Yaoundé, retirement homes dedicated to the care and support of the elderly at home are emerging and suggest that the African model of assistance to the elderly centered on the family is losing its value. However, a close look at this reality reveals that the care of the latter within their communities of belonging, under the family umbrella, remains a common practice. This reflection is based on a qualitative data collection based on direct observation and targeted semi-structured interviews involving families whose view of specialized structures for assistance to the elderly was discussed, and the promoters of these structures for the collection of data on the logics that drove the establishment of their initiatives. The analysis thus deployed according to an approach based on the theory of rational choice shows that families are increasingly developing an attitude of trust towards people and structures dedicated to the care of people suffering from aging. Also, their permanent involvement in supporting the latter at home demonstrates the complementarity between the old model of support for the elderly according to endogenous cultures and that adopted which materializes by the emergence of reception and monitoring homes for elderly parents.

The purpose of this study was to examine the belief in witchcraft and its effects on the stability of families in Mosocho Division, Kisii County which has persisted to exist. The study was guided by Marwick (1967) Theory of Social Accusation which argues that witchcraft accusations and allegations lead to social tension and hence breaks family relationships. The study applied descriptive survey research design conducted in Mosocho Division, Kisii County. Data was collected from Mosocho Division, Kisii County which comprises of seven locations. Data from respondents was collected through questionnaires and interviews. Pretesting of the questionnaires was undertaken to establish their reliability and validity. Proportionate and purposive sampling methods were used to collect data from a sample of Kisii elders, local government administration officials (chiefs and sub-chiefs), human rights activists and youths, that included both male and female participants with a total sample size consisting of 394 respondents. The respondent’s age, gender and period of residence were significant determinants. The collected data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 involving descriptive statistics for quantitative data. Qualitative data was analysed through content and thematic analysis aimed at consolidating thematic issues. The findings revealed that belief in witchcraft influences the stability of families. It is hoped that these findings through its recommendations will enable the community and local administration to come up with strategies and a platform that provide an opportunity for creating a more unified social order, based on family unity, and a more accommodating society devoid of witchcraft or its effects. address domestic violence, accompanied by the establishment of frameworks or guidelines within the church.

Ensuring that refugees in camps receive a high-quality education is essential to ensuring both social and economic growth in the host nations after repatriation and resettlement. There have long been barriers to student enrollment at the Kakuma camp and Kalobeyei integrated settlement, despite tenacious efforts by state and non-state actors at the international and national levels as well as stakeholders like the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, among others. Several refugee students at Kakuma Camp and Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement do not enroll in secondary education. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of cultural practices on refugee students’ access to secondary education. To identify the barriers preventing refugee students in Kakuma camp and Kalobeyei integrated settlement from accessing secondary school, the research used an ex post facto design. The study was guided by the social justice theory which emphasizes the necessity of addressing systemic injustices and empowering marginalized groups in educational contexts. Nine (9) principals and 180 teachers from nine (9) refugee schools were the target population. The study employed census sampling to determine a sample size of 189, which were made up of 9 principals and 180 teachers. Questionnaires and an interview schedule were used to gather data. The validity and reliability of the tools were established through a pilot study that employed the test-retest methodology. A regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The study established that the cultural practices have statistically significant effects on refugee students’ access to secondary education in Kakuma camp and Kalobeyei integrated settlement.

Social Media has emerged as a critical tool for communication during crises, revolutionizing how information is disseminated and how organizations engage with the public. This paper explores the role of platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram in shaping public perception during emergencies and facilitating rapid communication. By analysing recent case studies, the research highlights the dual nature of social media in crisis settings—serving as a vehicle for timely updates while also presenting challenges related to misinformation and public anxiety. Key findings reveal best practices for organizations aiming to enhance digital crisis communication strategies, including the importance of timely responses, transparent messaging, and proactive engagement with audiences. Additionally, the study discusses the implications of social media dynamics on crisis management frameworks and the need for integrated communication approaches that leverage these platforms effectively. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of social media's pivotal role in crisis communication, providing insights for policymakers, organizations, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complexities of information sharing in high-stakes environments.

We begin with understanding THE BASIC PROBLEM humanity faces, a prerequisite for developing a solution. It is our bureaucratic way of life, with its focus on hierarchy, narrow specialization and personal conformity, that prevents us from fulfilling our evolutionary potential. As a result, given the recent invention of weapons of mass destruction, we are poised to destroy ourselves and become just another life form which has become extinct. Our individualistic and small two-legged great ape ancestors had to form bureaucratic groups for protection when they were forced to come down from the trees in Africa due to declining foliage. For they were confronted by large, powerful and swift four-legged predators. We continue with an evolutionary VISION for every single individual who walks the planet, by contrast with our having learned to see ourselves as very limited beings. However, it is possible for us to learn, over time, to adopt that vision, for we are nothing less than learning animals, and we’ve developed language as well as the scientific method. What is essential, following the vision of the Buddha, is that we learn to reward ourselves ever more frequently and move toward an evolutionary way of life with its emphasis on equality, interdisciplinary understanding, and autonomy. However, to continue to move in these directions, given our lifetimes of having been brainwashed by our bureaucratic way of life, it is essential that we follow the idea invoked by an ancient Japanese proverb: “Vision without action is a daydream; action without vision is a nightmare.” What we require is vision with ACTION if we are to save the world. Following a previous book, Creating Life Before Death: Before Disaster Strikes the Ship of State (2024, second edition), along with five previous ISAR articles —especially the most recent one published in October, 2024—the individual must learn to evolve. It is the further development of the individual that is the basis for the continued evolution of society. That October article listed ten ways in which anyone can learn to reinforce or reward oneself ever more frequently throughout one’s everyday life. This approach can be simplified, making it much easier to employ, into simply (1) evolutionary perception, and (2) evolutionary action. By so doing, one builds on an evolutionary vision with momentary actions which transform oneself, enabling one to continue to evolve throughout one’s everyday life, and teach others to do the same. Those actions must include one’s mundane everyday activities. As a result, those mundane activities, which normally are perceived as trivial, become elevated as part of a nobler vision. They become part of one’s efforts to develop a widening social movement pointing toward individual evolution. Over time, the result can be nothing less than the trashing of our bureaucratic way of life. This approach to vision and action fulfills Polak’s and Busch’s understanding of what will make for a successful image of the future able to actually transform the future.

The emotional intelligence, dedication, work life balance, and work performance of employees are key factors that affect their sense of happiness. This article aims to explore the impact of these factors on employee happiness plans and propose corresponding management strategies to enhance employee well-being and corporate performance. Through a review of relevant literature and analysis of practical cases, this article reveals the inherent connections between various factors, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for enterprises to develop employee happiness plans.

The debate on women's leadership continues to be a relevant topic in social and religious contexts. Some scholars reject women as leaders based on textual interpretations of Qur'anic verses, while others, such as M. Quraish Shihab, provide a more contextual perspective. This article aims to analyze M. Quraish Shihab's thoughts related to women's leadership and the concept of leadership in the tafsir of Al-Misbah, especially the study of Surah An-Naml verses 22–40. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, exploring his interpretation and thoughts. The results of the study show that M. Quraish Shihab supports women's leadership as long as they meet the ability requirements and get the approval of the community. A study of Surah An-Naml verses 22–40 which tells the story of Ratu Balqis emphasizes the concept of ideal leadership, namely transparent, democratic, wise, and oriented to the welfare of the people. The contextual approach taken by M. Quraish Shihab includes linguistic analysis and the socio-historical situation of the verse, which provides a progressive view of the issue. The novelty of this article lies in the unraveling of M. Quraish Shihab's contextual interpretation approach that is relevant to the challenges of women's leadership in the modern era, making a significant contribution to the discourse of leadership in Islam.

This study focuses on Informal practices and social conflicts in the Mvan and Foréké Dschang bus stations in Cameroon: an analysis of relational dynamics. The economic activities that develop in the bus stations are the main element responsible for the different relationships, interactions and construction of social relations between the different actors in the travel agencies. At first sight, these relationships are marked by collaboration, peaceful coexistence and collective efficiency, but in reality, they are linked to informal practices and rivalry of interests. While it's true that these activities contribute to the construction of social ties and the development of informal entrepreneurs, they are also the driving force behind a number of conflicts between the different strata involved. To carry out this study, we used qualitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews, observation and documentary research were used to collect data. The results reveal that these activities have “unexpected effects” unexpectedly as they are sources of conflict (verbal and physical aggression) between competitors and others, but this nevertheless contributes to the consolidation of social ties.