Purpose: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression among medical students in Pakistan using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale, with a focus on understanding the distribution of depressive symptoms across different demographic groups. Methodology: Data were collected from 1326 medical students enrolled in 110 medical colleges across Pakistan, spanning from the first year to the fifth year of study. Participants completed the PHQ-9 form online, allowing for random sampling. Depressive symptoms were categorized into minimal and mild (considered as no depression) and moderate, moderately severe, and severe (considered as depression). Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the prevalence of depression among participants, considering gender differences. Findings: The study included 794 female participants and 532 male participants. Results indicate that 30.39% of participants experienced mild depression, 17.27% exhibited minimal depressive symptoms, 26.70% reported moderate depression, 14.71% displayed moderately severe depressive symptoms, and 10.94% showed severe depressive symptoms. Among participants, 52.34% exhibited no signs of depression, categorized as minimal and mild, while 47.66% displayed varying degrees of depression, including moderate, moderately severe, and severe. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice : By categorizing depressive symptoms and analyzing gender differences, this study provides nuanced insights into the prevalence and distribution of depression among medical students in Pakistan. These findings contribute to the existing literature on mental health in medical education, particularly in the context of South Asia. The study underscores the need for policy interventions aimed at addressing the mental health challenges faced by medical students in Pakistan. Implementing targeted support services and resilience-building programs within medical education institutions can help mitigate the impact of depression on student well-being and academic performance.