This study investigates the causes of students' failure in high school examinations in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional research design, data were gathered from 142 respondents through structured questionnaires. The research focused on identifying key factors that contribute to poor academic performance, including student-related factors such as discipline and truancy, teacher-related factors like teaching quality and classroom attendance, and school-related factors including administration quality and availability of physical facilities. The findings indicate that while student- and teacher-related factors had a moderate impact, school-related factors played a more significant role in influencing exam performance. Specific causes of failure include inadequate preparation time, high stress levels, poor study habits, and lack of access to educational resources. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square, ANOVA, and regression tests, were used to explore relationships between socio-economic background and performance, identifying school-related factors as the strongest predictor of academic success. The study recommends improving school infrastructure, enhancing teacher training, and increasing access to learning materials to reduce failure rates.