Introduction: Indwelling bladder catheters are a common therapeutic method in urology, with indications ranging from complete urinary retention with or without obstruction to routine bladder drainage. This study was conducted to assess the quality of life of patients with indwelling bladder catheters. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive prospective study conducted from April 16 to June 16, 2024. All subjects followed at the University Clinic of Urology and Andrology at the Hubert Koutoukou Maga National Hospital and University Center in Cotonou during this period and who had received an indwelling bladder catheter were included. The quality of life of these patients was evaluated using the Body Image Scale (BIS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression. Results: Thirty subjects participated in the study, including one woman. The average age was 64.04 years, with a range from 36 to 82 years. The average duration of catheter use was 148.23 days, ranging from 14 days to 2520 days. The most frequent indication for indwelling bladder catheter use was complete urinary retention complicating prostatic tumors, affecting 73.34% of patients. The impact of the permanent catheter on daily life was variable, affecting psychological, social, physical, and sexual aspects. Issues included altered body image, job loss, lack of sexual activity, and recurrent urinary infections. 76.67% of patients reported a deterioration in quality of life. Upon learning about the indwelling catheter option, 58.62% of patients were distressed, experiencing sadness, anxiety, disappointment, and sometimes anger. 40% of patients suspended their professional activities, and 56.67% reported a decrease in libido and sexual inactivity. Conclusion: Prolonged use of an indwelling bladder catheter is a traumatic experience for patients. This therapeutic option negatively impacts patients' quality of life and represents a significant burden for both patients and their families. Self-esteem is affected, quality of life is disrupted, and the financial impact is considerable due to regular catheter changes and complications associated with its use. Implementing a psychosocial support system could alleviate much of the distress experienced by these patients.