Aquaculture is a vital component of the global food supply, but its rapid expansion has led to increased concerns about the environmental impact of aquaculture wastewater. In this context, coagulation-flocculation processes play a crucial role in removing suspended solids and contaminants from aquaculture effluents. This review paper explores an innovative and sustainable approach to wastewater treatment by examining the utilization of banana and plantain peel extracts as coagulants. The literature reviewed reveals a growing interest in natural coagulants derived from agricultural by-products, such as banana and plantain peels, as ecofriendly alternatives to traditional chemical coagulants. Studies in this field have demonstrated the remarkable coagulation capabilities of these natural materials, attributing their effectiveness to the presence of bioactive compounds, notably polyphenols and polysaccharides. We delve into the extraction methods employed to harness the coagulation potential of banana and plantain peels and discuss the factors influencing their performance, including pH, dosage, and wastewater composition. Comparative analyses with conventional coagulants underscore the cost-effectiveness and reduced environmental impact of banana and plantain peel extracts. Furthermore, this paper explores potential applications of these natural coagulants in aquaculture wastewater treatment, highlighting their sustainable contributions to mitigating environmental challenges in the aquaculture industry. We conclude by pointing to promising avenues for further research and the integration of banana and plantain peel coagulants into practical aquaculture wastewater treatment systems. This review underscores the pivotal role of natural coagulants in promoting the sustainability of aquaculture practices, offering a greener and more effective solution to wastewater treatment.