Eclampsia remains a major contributor to maternal and perinatal mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings where disparities in healthcare access and quality persist. This review examines the current evidence on the pathophysiology, global burden, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of eclampsia, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries. A narrative review methodology was employed, synthesizing findings from existing literature and clinical reports.

The findings highlight significant barriers to effective management, including limited diagnostic infrastructure, inconsistent availability and use of magnesium sulfate, delayed patient presentation, and severe healthcare workforce shortages. These systemic challenges contribute to high case fatality rates and poor maternal outcomes. Additionally, sociocultural factors, inadequate health literacy, and weak health systems further exacerbate delays in diagnosis and treatment.

The study emphasizes the need for context-specific interventions, including community-based surveillance, task-sharing, mHealth innovations, and the implementation of standardized care protocols. Strengthening healthcare systems and improving access to timely, evidence-based interventions are critical to reducing preventable deaths associated with eclampsia in resource-constrained environments.