Agriculture plays a pivotal role in Kenya’s economy, serving as a major source of livelihood, employment, and food security for the rural population. Women constitute a substantial portion of the agricultural labour force; however, their participation in farming activities remains limited due to various socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional barriers. Understanding the factors influencing women’s engagement in agriculture is therefore crucial in formulating policies and interventions that promote gender equity and enhance productivity in rural areas. This study analyzed the determinants of women’s participation in farming activities in Bomachoge Chache Sub County, Kisii County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to identify key economic, social, and institutional factors influencing women’s participation in farming. A multistage random sampling method was employed to select 215 respondents, comprising 140 women participants and 75 non-participants. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary sources using structured and semi-structured interview schedules, complemented by focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Binary probit analysis was used to determine the significant economic determinants influencing women’s participation in farming. Out of the twelve explanatory variables included in the model, farming experience, access to credit, farm size, extension visits, land tenure rights, distance from the nearest market, and hired labour costs per man-day were found to have a significant relationship with women’s level of participation in farming activities. The study concludes that improving access to credit facilities, strengthening agricultural extension services, enhancing women’s land ownership rights, and reducing barriers to market access could substantially increase women’s participation in farming. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers and development practitioners seeking to promote inclusive agricultural growth and gender equality in rural Kenya.