Modern land surveying and geoinformatics have shifted from localized terrestrial measurements to integrated, multi-platform geospatial data collection and computing methods. This research article explores the many roles of geospatial technologies, including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These technologies support sustainable socio-economic development and enhance environmental resilience. 

To assess these technical frameworks in real-world conditions, the study presents a dual-case analysis based on significant geological and hydrological challenges in Nigeria. First, we investigate geomorphological changes and ground subsidence in Lokpaukwu Town, Umunneochi Local Government Area of Abia State. Here, extensive quarrying and tectonic shifts create structural vulnerabilities. Second, we analyze seasonal hydro-meteorological risks by mapping flood vulnerability across Benue State using satellite datasets and spatial overlay matrices. 

The findings show that merging high-resolution digital elevation models with spatial analytics can improve land-use planning precision by up to 40% compared to traditional systems. This provides crucial engineering data for developing sustainable infrastructure and reducing natural disaster impacts. In an interdisciplinary meta-analysis, this paper connects spatial data science with the socio-economic and cognitive contexts essential for global knowledge sharing. We assess how digital communication, multimodal learning tools, and effective storytelling help students learn domain-specific terminology. The study concludes with a framework that highlights the need for both high-precision engineering spatial models and clear communication strategies for knowledge sharing to achieve long-term sustainable development.