This study explores the integration of biblical literacy with critical thinking development in Christian religious education, focusing on dynamic and multicultural contexts such as Batam, Indonesia. Traditionally, Christian education has emphasized memorization and doctrinal instruction; however, the demands of 21st-century education require a pedagogical transformation. Students must now engage Scripture not only as sacred text but also as material for critical interpretation and application in contemporary ethical and social contexts. This systematic literature review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, synthesizes findings from 45 studies published between 2015 and 2024. The analysis identified four primary pedagogical approaches: hermeneutical inquiry-based learning, Socratic dialogue, contextual theology integration, and digital literacy in biblical education. Each method demonstrated significant positive outcomes in enhancing students’ biblical comprehension and critical reasoning abilities. Hermeneutical inquiry was most effective in developing interpretive skills, while contextual theology fostered the application of Scripture to modern life. Socratic dialogue encouraged theological reflection through structured questioning, and digital tools expanded access to collaborative biblical study. The findings highlight that integrating critical thinking into biblical instruction does not diminish theological integrity but rather enriches students’ spiritual formation and intellectual development. Effective implementation depends on teacher training, institutional support, and cultural adaptation, particularly in diverse settings like Batam. This research underscores the need for Christian education to evolve, promoting holistic student growth by cultivating both cognitive skills and spiritual resilience. By adopting innovative pedagogies, Christian schools can prepare students for ethical leadership and faithful engagement in pluralistic societies.