Introduction: Student identity plays an important yet overlooked role in shaping educational experiences. This study used Marcia's identity status model to investigate identity development among rural high school girls. Aims: The research aimed to 1) Categorize students into Marcia's four identity statuses, 2) Understand how family, culture, academics and social media affect identity development, 3) Identify how identity influences school engagement, 4) Develop recommendations to support students across identity statuses. Method: A mixed-methods approach combined a survey, interviews, and observations of 40 high school girls. The questionnaire categorized students into Marcia's four identity statuses. Interviews and observations provided qualitative insights into identity experiences. Results: Students were classified as identity achieved, foreclosed, moratorium or diffused. Each status exhibited distinct characteristics related to exploration, commitment, academics and home life. Restrictive parents limited exploration for some girls. Social media overuse correlated with diffusion. Recommendations: Schools should tailor mentoring/activities to each identity status. Collaboration with parents is vital. Identity-affirming curricula and environments are needed so students feel recognized. Supporting identity development enables schools to nurture female adolescents holistically.

This paper presents the experiences and lessons learned from the curriculum transformation of the programmes offered in the Department of Higher Education and Lifelong Learning at the University of Namibia (UNAM). Like other universities across the globe, UNAM has been challenged by the rapid changes in the world of work and the emergency of the remote virtual mode of deliveries in teaching and learning. At the same time the curriculum was not pertinent and receptive to the requirements of the business world. The paper used the phenomenological approach to describe, understand and interpret the meanings of curriculum transformation process. The researchers collected data by recording their lived experiences during the university curriculum transformation process. The data was analysed thematically. The findings alluded to the fact that the curriculum would fit the intra and inter disciplines to ensure multiple career pathways, as well as progression and articulation between disciplines. The relevance and responsiveness is anchored on the innovative teaching and learning methods and the diversified assessment strategies. The consultations contributed to the relevance of knowledge, skills, values and attitudes, and interpersonal skills required by the real world.

Interpersonal meaning is one of the three aspects of discourse analysis from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. This paper examined the Negotiation system, which is an internal part of Interpersonal meaning, which was realized in judicial spoken discourse with mainly quantitative methods. The data used to investigate was a dialogue between the Trial Panel and the defendant in a first-instance criminal court in Vietnam. The results indicated that speech functions were primarily question and answer, and accounted for about 95% of the corpus. Exchange structure was determined with the result of A1/K1 accounting mainly. As can be seen in the result, the dialogue between the Trial Panel and the defendant is one-sided. In which, the Panel questioned and the defendant had an obligation to answer/ follow up. From our point of view, Systemic Functional Linguistics may be an appropriate tool to explore the potential world of languages.

The intricate interplay between trauma and dissociation has long intrigued researchers and clinicians alike. This review delves into the multifaceted relationship between these two phenomena, shedding light on their complex dynamics and implications for mental health. Beginning with an exploration of the conceptualizations of trauma and dissociation, the review examines the theoretical frameworks that underpin their connection. From early psychoanalytic theories to contemporary neurobiological perspectives, the evolution of understanding in this field is traced, highlighting the nuanced ways in which trauma can manifest as dissociative symptoms. Drawing on empirical evidence from clinical studies and neuroimaging research, the review elucidates the various pathways through which trauma can precipitate dissociative responses. Factors such as the nature and timing of the trauma, individual differences in coping mechanisms, and the presence of comorbid conditions are all considered in elucidating the heterogeneity of dissociative experiences. Moreover, the review explores the role of dissociation as both a defense mechanism and a maladaptive coping strategy, probing the intricate balance between protection and vulnerability in the aftermath of trauma. Furthermore, the review examines the clinical implications of the trauma-dissociation relationship, offering insights into assessment, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. From standardized measures of dissociation to emerging therapeutic modalities such as trauma-focused dissociation, the review synthesizes current evidence to inform clinical practice. Special attention is paid to the importance of trauma-informed care and the need for tailored interventions that address the underlying mechanisms driving dissociative symptoms. Finally, the review discusses future directions for research in this area, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies, cross-cultural investigations, and interdisciplinary collaborations. By elucidating the complex relationship between trauma and dissociation, this review seeks to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of psychological trauma and pave the way for more effective interventions aimed at alleviating the burden of dissociative disorders.

This paper endeavors to unveil the wealth of historical treasures preserved within the Assam State Archive (ASA), delving into the diverse and intricate tapestry of records series that chronicle the region's past. The study aims to shed light on the less-explored corridors of archival holdings. The Assam State Archive stands as a custodian of multifaceted records series encompassing administrative documents, manuscripts, colonial-era correspondences, and indigenous materials. It embarks on a journey to unravel these hidden gems, meticulously examining their historical, cultural, and social significance. Through comprehensive archival analysis, the research seeks to highlight the unique narratives embedded in each records series, offering insights into Assam's evolution over the years. By exploring these hidden gems, the study aspires to contribute not only to the understanding of Assam's history but also to the broader discourse on archival methodologies and the preservation of cultural heritage. The article underscores the importance of recognizing and documenting these records series, ensuring their accessibility for future generations, and ultimately enriching our collective understanding of the historical embroidery woven within the Assam State Archive.

Domestic violence is abusive behavior perpetrated by one’s partner in a relationship. Women across the world have been exposed to different forms of domestic violence (DV) according to various studies done. In Kenya, it is reported that almost half of the female population has directly or indirectly experienced domestic violence. It affects the psychological state of the abused party as well as their physical well-being, and in some cases, it leads to death. Uasin Gishu County, particularly Soy Sub-County, has witnessed a significant surge in gender-based violence (GBV) cases over recent years. The community, predominantly composed of the Kalenjin community, with over 75% adhering to the African Inland Church (AIC) Christian faith, forms a substantial and representative sample for this research. This article is an extraction of the thesis on domestic violence. It aimed to assess the ongoing prevalence of domestic violence against women, with a specific focus on the role of the clergy within the African Inland Church(AIC) in addressing these issues. The study employed a stratified sampling method to categorize the population, followed by a combination of simple random and purposive sampling techniques to select interviewees. Data collection involved questionnaire interviews, key informant interviews (KIIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs). Qualitative data analysis utilized Excel to identify leading themes. Quantitative data analysis, conducted using SPSS 2.0 software, employed descriptive and inferential statistics, presented through tables and figures. The study found that the church's coping mechanisms might not completely resolve the issue, as the clergy are not well prepared to handle it. The study recommended that comprehensive training for clergy and church leaders to effectively address domestic violence, accompanied by the establishment of frameworks or guidelines within the church.

A The right to education of any child born in any country in the world starts from birth. But unfortunately, new UNESCO data shows that one in four children aged 5 never receives any form of pre-primary education (ECCE) in their lifetime. This report represents 35 million of the 137 million 5-year-old children worldwide. Early Childhood Care and Education Despite research proving the benefits of ECCE, only half of the countries worldwide guarantee free pre-primary education. Political will and ownership are vital to transforming the ECCE. The UNESCO review highlights progress in some countries, but much more is needed to successfully strengthen the capacity of these systems. This research has been done in the context of Bihar, India. The objective of this study is to assess the daily classroom activities conducted by private and public service providers of ECCE in Bihar and to identify the differences in various classroom activities and the facilities provided by them. In the study, 100 private and 100 public service providers from all areas of Bihar district were selected through the interview method. Teachers and children were selected using random sampling. In the research, the service systems of most of the private service providers were found to be of high quality, while the public service providers were found to be suffering from various deficiencies in classroom operations. Comparatively, the school service and classroom maintenance systems of private service providers were better than those of public service providers, while both types of service providers were trying their best to conduct ECCE classes. Research studies indicate that the government needs to focus on highlighting the issues related to ECCE and implementing special provisions for it. There is a need for various facilities, new standard norms, and new policies for private and public service providers in this area. The state government needs to take the necessary steps in this area. Through this process, ECCE will be able to develop in its new form. What the country needs most.

The aim of this research was to establish the extent of code switching in the mastery of English language in secondary schools in Mbooni West sub county. The extent of code switching is based on language use by both the teachers and the students in the classroom setup. The study applied Communication Accommodation Theory developed by Giles and Coupland. The study adopted a descriptive Survey Research design. The area of study was 15 selected schools in Mbooni west Sub County. The methods of collecting data were: an observation schedule, teachers and students’ questionnaires. The target population for this study was the teachers and students in 41 public schools in Mbooni West Sub County. The sample size of the study was 300 students and 60 teachers of English from 15 schools that were sampled through purposive and simple random sampling methods. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied in the analysis of the data. The findings of the study revealed that code switching enhances the teaching/learning of English-speaking skills. The teachers use code switching for curriculum access, for classroom management discourse and for interpersonal relationships. Learners used code switching as a communicative strategy, for affective functions and for socio pragmatic functions.

This study examined the effects of social variation in Kĩĩkamba livestock bargaining register. Livestock register provides a ground where the hearer exercises power and aims at controlling the mind of the speaker. The study was guided by Labov’s (1972) variationist paradigm which states that language varies at all levels and that the variation is caused by certain social characteristics of the speakers of a language. The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative research design. Audio-recording, observations and interviews were used in data collection. The conversations of traders were recorded as they engaged in the buying and selling of livestock. The audio-recorded data was transcribed, translated, coded, analyzed and presented in tables and pie charts. The data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings of the study indicated that age and gender are responsible for the linguistic variation in livestock bargaining context and that dialectical variation s reflected in Kῖῖkamba language. The results of the study add to the topic of languages, linguistic exchanges and bargaining discourses in Kῖῖkamba language. The study also informs on sociolinguistic research by advancing knowledge on livestock register as a social activity. Thus, the study recommends the development of a Kῖῖkamba dictionary to record the deeper Kῖῖkamba lexical items found in the livestock bargaining register for future reference. Further, the older members of the Kῖῖkamba community should be encouraged to use Kῖῖkamba in home domain as a way of encouraging the young to utilize Kῖῖkamba language.

The emergence of educational technology has become part of modern world. This study aimed to investigate the benefits of computers and mobile assisted language learning in English language teaching and learning in upper primary. The study applied the sociocultural theory as developed by Vygotsky (1978) and advanced by Lantolf (2007). The study adopted a qualitative research design. The study location was kyso sub-county; kitui county. The target population was English language grade 5 and 6 pupils and teachers. Purposive sampling method was used to determine the sample size of the study which was 40 pupils and 72 teachers. Data were collected through interviews and observation schedules. The findings of the study revealed that computer and mobile apps encourage both independent and collaborative learning experiences. The study observes that computer and mobile learning methods support contingent learning, where learners can react and respond to their environment and their changing experiences. The study recommends that teachers should be able to select appropriate computer and mobile applications according to the needs and interests of the pupils and incorporate into their classes.

It is not very uncommon to hear politicians requesting Church ministers to stay away from politics. Their arguments often hold that politics constitute hard facts and not good for men of God. Consequently, they should only preach the word of God as presented in the Bible and remain spectators of the political drama in their respective countries. Ecclesiastical statements on political issues gain a measure of public attention. There are several instances where religious questions have had a bearing on national politics. The letter of Jefferson to the Danbury Baptist Association” spells out a wall of separation between Church and politics. Africae Munus #23 argues that politics is out of the direct competence of the Church. However, this approach could be an evasion from her responsibility to teach on truth, peace and reconciliation. This poses a dialectical perspective with regard to the Church’s involvement in politics. What is therefore, the extent to which the Church has to interfere into political matters? What is the pedagogic role the Christian Church in teaching truth, peace and reconciliation within conflict regions.