Ethiopia's flower farm industry today brings in a generous sum of money/income. Although it has made a substantial contribution to economic advancements, communities and environmentalists have expressed concerns about its effects on the environment. In light of these concerns, the study evaluates the Wolmera district's cut flower industry from cradle to gate using a case study methodology. The primary aim of the research was to examine the physicochemical characteristics of the raw water close to the flower farms, the effluent released from the farms, and the soil around the flower farms in the Wolmera district over the course of the cut flower manufacturing life cycle. The study's primary methodology was examining the physicochemical characteristics of soil samples taken from each of the chosen water shades of flower fields, river raw water, and effluent wastewater. The elements that were sampled were assessed and examined through comparison with the national effluent and river water standards (EPA 2003). Nevertheless, the outcomes of the soil sample testing were contrasted with the typical agricultural soil sample evaluation outcomes. The findings of the analysis of the sampled soil (EC, CEC, pH, T-N & P) were much higher than the results of the analysis of ordinary agricultural soil, while the results from the effluent and river water (EC, pH, TDS, SO42-, NO3-, PO43-, COD, BOD5, T-N) were currently below national standards. These very non-degradable pollutants (0.1-0.3) are in addition, degradable and non-degradable elements in wastewater from flower farms were assessed using biological oxygen demand (BOD5) to chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratios. Conversely, both sites have significant effects on environment and its’ elements.

This work is the subject of a study of the pH variability of saline soils of the North Tébessa region (Morsott, El-Aouinet, Boukhadra). In the experiment, soil salinity assessment was performed for the nine samples from the study area (from South to North). We noticed through the results, that the salinity of the soil varies from one region to another, the highest rates are recorded in the area of El-Aouinet and the lowest were recorded in Morsott, May with regard to the acidity of the soil, the results are similar. By comparing the results of the sample analysis, the effect of electrical conductivity, soluble salt level and salinite on soil pH was not observed, so the soil acidity is not affected by the salinity.

This research investigates the repercussions of climate change on the distribution and availability of medicinal plant species in Pakistan, a region known for its rich biodiversity and reliance on traditional healing practices. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the study integrates field surveys, remote sensing data analysis, and climate modeling to comprehensively understand the intricate relationship between changing climatic conditions and medicinal flora. The field surveys encompass diverse ecosystems, documenting the current distribution and abundance of medicinal plant species. These findings are augmented by remote sensing analysis, utilizing GIS software to assess changes in land cover and vegetation health. The integration of qualitative and quantitative data aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the impact of climate change on medicinal plants in Pakistan. Preliminary results from field surveys reveal distinct altitudinal patterns in the distribution of medicinal plant species. Remote sensing analysis indicates a decline in vegetation health, while ecological niche models predict upward shifts in altitude ranges. The spatial integration of these results identifies key conservation areas characterized by specific altitudinal ranges, emphasizing the need for targeted conservation efforts. The study carries implications for adaptive conservation strategies, including the establishment of protected areas, sustainable harvesting practices, and community engagement. Recognizing the importance of altitude-specific conservation, the research contributes to evidence-based decision-making for policymakers, researchers, and local communities striving to ensure the sustainable management of medicinal plant resources in the context of a changing climate. As climate change continues to reshape ecosystems globally, this study adds to the growing body of knowledge on the impact of climate change on biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices. The findings underscore the urgent need for proactive conservation measures to safeguard the invaluable medicinal plant species in Pakistan, preserving both biodiversity and the cultural heritage deeply intertwined with these natural resources.

This study explores the genetic diversity and fruit quality parameters of native apple germplasm in the Van Lake Basin, a region characterized by unique apple populations. Combining molecular analysis through Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and traditional pomological analyses, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic variability and fruit characteristics of local apple genotypes. In the Van Lake Basin, 137 apple genotypes were evaluated over three years, with 35 promising genotypes selected for further analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated using the CTAB+PVP protocol, and RAPD analysis with ten-mer primers revealed significant genetic diversity among the genotypes. The Jaccard coefficient and UPGMA algorithm were employed for data analysis, resulting in a dendrogram that elucidates the genetic relationships. Pomological analyses encompassed various fruit quality parameters, including fruit weight, volume, flesh firmness, and juice characteristics. Fruit shape indices were categorized, and pH, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity were determined in the fruit juice. Alternate bearing patterns and tree characteristics, such as stem circumference, tree height, and crown width, were evaluated over the three-year study period. The results showcase a diverse array of apple genotypes in the Van Lake Basin, providing valuable insights for germplasm management and conservation. The molecular markers employed in this study contribute to accurate genotype identification, addressing challenges associated with morphological traits. The comprehensive fruit quality assessments offer practical implications for future breeding programs, orchard management, and sustainable apple cultivation in the region. This research serves as a valuable resource for horticulturists, geneticists, and policymakers involved in apple cultivation and conservation efforts. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of local apple genetic resources, emphasizing the importance of integrating molecular techniques with traditional analyses for a holistic approach to germplasm management and breeding strategies.

The postharvest phase plays a pivotal role in the preservation of fruits and vegetables, significantly influencing their quality and shelf life. With approximately one-third of global food production lost or wasted annually during postharvest and processing stages, addressing this challenge is imperative for food security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. This research delves into the realm of postharvest storage techniques, specifically focusing on controlled atmosphere storage, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and conventional refrigeration, and their impact on reducing food loss. The postharvest period is a critical phase in the agricultural supply chain, significantly influencing the quality, safety, and shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Globally, one-third of food production is lost or wasted during postharvest and processing, posing challenges to food security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability (FAO, 2022). This research investigates the impact of postharvest storage techniques on mitigating food loss, with a focus on controlled atmosphere storage, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and conventional refrigeration. The study employs a randomized complete block design, encompassing diverse produce, including apples, tomatoes, and leafy greens. Through sensory analysis, nutritional assessment, and economic and environmental impact evaluations, the research aims to provide insights into the efficacy of these storage methods. Preliminary results suggest that controlled atmosphere storage outperforms other techniques in preserving sensory attributes, nutritional content, and extending shelf life. The economic and environmental analyses underscore the sustainability and economic viability of controlled atmosphere storage. This research contributes valuable knowledge to the ongoing discourse on reducing food loss, enhancing food security, and fostering sustainable postharvest management practices in the agricultural sector.

Biological synthesis of nanomaterials offers numerous advantages over chemical synthesis. This study was aimed at the synthesis of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles using Staphylococcus aureus. Biosynthesis of CuSO4 nanoparticles using Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry droppings was carried out. Effect of CuSO4 concentration and cell free supernatant on CuNP production was determined. Antimicrobial, and synergistic studies of conventional antibiotics, and CuSO4 mediated samples were carried out also. The CuSO4 nanoparticles was characterized using Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Staphylococcus aureus mediated CuNPs was assessed for antimicrobial properties using some selected bacterial cultures. CuSO4 nanoparticles was produced at varying levels of copper concentration with absorbance highest at 400nm at 750ppm. Inhibition of Streptococcus cohni, Enterococcus rafinose, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella enteritidis was achieved at the tested strengths (318.4ppm, 750ppm, 1000ppm) of CuNPs produced by the Staphylococcus aureus. Significant increase in the activities of tetracycline, gentamycin, vancomycin ranged between 1.9-100% as recorded in this study. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence showed Cu as the predominant element. Staphylococcus aureus mediated CuNP showed significant antimicrobial activities.