The performance of Civil Servants (ASN) plays a vital role in maintaining the effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability of governance and public service delivery. Strong performance among ASN not only ensures quality services that are responsive to community needs but also fosters an environment that supports innovation, optimal resource utilization, and compliance with regulations and standards. Proper human resource (HR) placement is crucial to organizational success. By aligning employees with their competencies, potential, and interests, organizations can build effective, creative teams that are ready to compete at the global level. Optimizing HR placement is closely related to the principle of "placing the right person in the right position." This study employs a literature review approach. The findings indicate that personnel competence has a positive impact on organizational performance. The higher the competence of ASN personnel, the greater the improvement in organizational performance at the Ministry of Transportation. Similarly, employee motivation positively influences organizational performance. The stronger the motivation of employees at the Ministry of Transportation in carrying out their work and completing assigned tasks, the greater the improvement in organizational performance.

Religious education has taken multidimensional ways in the contemporary Africa and sometimes threatens children’s future. This paper expounds the setbacks in religious education as seen through Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and Djoleto’s The Strange Man. Remarkably, children cope with indoctrination, hypocrisy, and an inflexible life shaped by patriarchal fathers and teachers. This work is framed with postcolonialism to assess the impact of the western ideologies in the current African society. The paper concludes that education is a weapon which can be used to change the world. This calls for seriousness, carefulness, love and respect. When it is taught wrongly, it may become a destructive weapon. Furthermore, children must be allowed to make their own path; this will favour their blossoming to good citizens.

The subject of our research is: the land crisis and identity withdrawal in the sub-prefecture of Koumogo, Moyen-Chari province, Chad. The sub-prefecture of Koumogo is one of the administrative units of the department of Bragoto, Moyen-Chari province, Chad. Recurring conflicts related to natural resource management are causing tensions between different communities in this locality. The problem posed by this question is to what extent the land crisis contributes to reinforcing community identity in the Moyen-Chari Province in general and, more specifically, in the Koumogo Sub-Prefecture. The objective of this research is to analyze how land conflicts, exacerbated by population growth, agricultural expansion and land management, are accelerating the retreat into community identity. To obtain relevant data, we conducted semi-structured interviews, questionnaire surveys, observations and documentary analysis. The results of this research reveal the exclusion of traditional methods of regulation in our state institutions, thus accentuating the difficulties of collaboration between rural actors: indigenous, non-indigenous and foreign, leading to an ethnicization of misunderstandings related to land management. This reflection highlights the importance of rethinking inclusive land management, emphasizing the recognition of land ownership, including community participation, to prevent inter-community conflicts.

This article examines the evolution of Vietnam–United States defense cooperation from 1995 to 2025, with a particular focus on its role in addressing maritime security challenges and sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea. Using a qualitative methodology combined with an institutional–historical approach, the study divides bilateral defense cooperation into three major phases and assesses their strategic implications for regional stability.

Within the theoretical frameworks of strategic hedging and defense diplomacy, the article analyzes how Vietnam and the United States have utilized defense cooperation as a means to balance great-power competition while safeguarding national interests and reinforcing a rules-based maritime order. The findings contribute to broader scholarly debates on defense diplomacy, small-state strategy, and security governance in the Indo-Pacific region.

In the context of the increasing use of the Internet and social networking platforms among high school students, the risk of online kidnapping—commonly associated with online grooming leading to abduction or extortion—has emerged as a serious threat. This study aims to identify the characteristics of online kidnapping behaviors, examine the current level of awareness among high school students in Phu Thien Commune, Gia Lai Province, and propose effective preventive educational interventions.

A survey was conducted with 715 students and 71 teachers from two high schools in the area. The results reveal that 76.2% of students had little or no understanding of online kidnapping, nearly 70% had interacted with strangers online, and almost 50% had shared personal information on the Internet. Furthermore, 43.2% of students reported handling online threats on their own or confiding only in peers, rather than seeking assistance from adults.

Based on these findings, the study designed and implemented a comprehensive intervention framework, including awareness campaigns, the development of a digital safety handbook, the establishment of student clubs, the use of artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) for scenario-based simulations, and the integration of online safety topics into school curricula. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements: students’ awareness of online kidnapping increased from 23.8% to 97%, while safe response skills and the tendency to seek adult assistance improved markedly, with the reporting rate rising from approximately 40% before intervention to 87% after intervention. Notably, 93.5% of students evaluated ChatGPT as highly useful in recognizing early signs of online fraud and grooming.

The study concludes that combining digital safety education with AI-based tools and fostering collaboration among schools, families, and communities constitutes an effective approach to preventing online kidnapping among high school students.

This article delves into the fascinating connection between Hans Jonas’s ethics of responsibility and modern environmental education. It makes the case that having ethical foresight and a strong moral imagination are crucial for equipping future generations to tackle the ecological and technological challenges we face today. Jonas’s philosophy underscores that with the immense power humans wield over nature comes a significant moral obligation to safeguard the conditions necessary for life, both now and in the future. The paper discusses how this principle can elevate environmental education from simply passing on ecological facts to a transformative journey that nurtures ethical awareness, thoughtful judgment, and active involvement in environmental matters. The study kicks off by outlining Jonas’s critique of traditional ethics, pointing out how conventional moral frameworks fall short when it comes to addressing the long-term impacts of our actions in a world shaped by technology. It then explores the educational implications of his ideas, stressing the importance of teachers and institutions in promoting a sense of responsibility, blending the ontological and emotional aspects of learning, and fostering moral imagination through hands-on and interdisciplinary teaching methods. By drawing on real-world examples like habitat restoration projects, climate scenario simulations, and sustainability initiatives, the article illustrates how students can cultivate a deeper sense of ethical duty that goes beyond immediate human concerns to encompass future life and ecosystems. The article dives into the challenges and critiques of applying Jonasian ethics in educational contexts. It highlights issues like the risk of fear-based paralysis, the abstract nature of philosophical principles, and the necessity of balancing long-term responsibilities with current social justice issues. Engaging with modern thinkers such as Aldo Leopold, Arne Naess, David Orr, and Nick Bostrom, the piece demonstrates how Jonas’s framework remains relevant today. It shows how we can blend it with systems thinking, ecological ethics, and precautionary approaches to develop a comprehensive pedagogy that fosters both knowledge and moral awareness. Ultimately, the paper posits that Hans Jonas’s ethics of responsibility lays a crucial philosophical groundwork for environmental education. It offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and society at large to nurture morally responsible individuals who can help shape a sustainable and ethically sound future. By placing responsibility at the heart of education, environmental learning can evolve from mere information sharing into a transformative practice that aligns human actions with the ethical duty to protect life

This article examines the metaphysical conception of personhood within the Nso worldview of the Cameroon Grassfields, and situates it within the broader discourse in African philosophy concerning being, becoming, and “communal ontology”. Generally speaking, “personhood” in Western philosophical traditions has come to be largely grounded in rationality, self-consciousness, and individual autonomy. This position has been reinforced by key figures in western philosophical tradition like John Locke, Immanuel Kant and Rene Descartes. On the contrary, African philosophical thought often views personhood as a relational and morally constituted status or achievement. Drawing on African communitarian philosophy, ethnographic literature, and indigenous metaphysical principles, the study looks at the ontological foundations that underlie Nso understandings of human existence. It argues that Nso metaphysics articulates a relational ontology in which “being” is grounded in “belongingness” through kinship, lineage, and ancestral continuity, while personhood is progressively realized through right moral conduct, ritual participation, and the fulfillment of one’s social responsibility. Central to this framework is the communitarian axiom wir dze wir bi’ wir, which captures the idea that personhood is realized only when one is in communion with others. The article examines the cosmology of the Nso, its political institutions, and moral structures and demonstrates how the Nso worldview reconciles the tension between ontological being and ethical becoming. The study contributes to African metaphysical discourse by offering a culturally grounded account of personhood that challenges individualist ontologies and affirms the relational dimensions of human existence.

Urbanization has become one of the most significant factors affecting human life. Rapid economic and industrial changes, coupled with increasing urban density, have separated people from natural environments and confined them to build spaces. Ensuring sustainable and healthy urban living requires improving existing urban environments through ecological planning and design approaches. Green spaces play a key role in achieving this. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of natural landscapes, vegetation, and environmental soundscapes for human health.

This article reviews the relationship among landscape environments and psycho emotional well-being of human by tracing the historical development of landscape and environmental psychology. Drawing on theoretical and empirical research, it explores how natural and urban landscapes affect mood, stress, and overall psychological well‑being.

In addition, concepts such as biophilia, ecotherapy, and landscape psychology, which underline the mental health benefits of contact with nature, are analyzed.

Secularism is becoming increasingly problematic and is giving rise to clashes of ideas and people. The aim of this article is to help construct a meaning of secularism by avoiding any confusion between secularism, which is the political, legal, and institutional regulation of religion, and secularization, which refers to the decline of the symbolic, cultural, and social role of religion. This multisemantic approach to secularism not only highlights questions that challenge personal and collective educational traditions, but also, and above all, draws on a methodology of semi-structured interviews on the theme of secularism, put into perspective by consultations with 75 students, aged 18 to 24, in their first and second years of a bachelor's degree in modern literature at the University of Parakou in northern Benin. These interviews, developed in 2022 and conducted using a guide consisting of broad categories reflecting the cognitive, social, and subjective aspects of their experiences of secularism, made it possible to gather the knowledge, understanding, and perspectives of these students on secularism, thus revealing their own visions of the concept of secularism. In general, the survey highlighted a lack of knowledge about secularism among some, and also a rigidity of the concept among others, which is not the focus of this work.

Purpose: This study explores the impact of educators' personalities and professionalidentities on their day-to-day work, focusing on how these factors influence teaching styles, student engagement, and professional well-being. The research will be conducted in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed-methods approach will be used to gather bothquantitative and qualitative data. A sample of 383 educators will be surveyed through questionnaire for the quantitative phase, drawn from a population of approximately 96,407 educators in the KwaZulu-Natal province as of 2024. The data will be analyzed using SPSS version 30. For the qualitative phase, 50 educators will be interviewed to gain deeper insights into their experiences. The interview data will be analyzed using NVivo version 15 to identify key themes and patterns.

Findings/Results: The quantitative findings showed a positive link between personalitytraits like conscientiousness and agreeableness and higher student engagement. Qualitative interviews confirmed that a strong, supportive professional identity is crucial for educator well-being, directly benefiting classroom effectiveness and student outcomes.

Practical Implications: This research will provide valuable insights for educationalinstitutions and policymakers on the importance of understanding and supporting educators' individual personalities and professional identities. The findings could be used to develop targeted professional development programs, improve teacher retention strategies, and foster more supportive work environments in the South African education sector.

Originality/value: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexinterplay between an educator's personal identity and their professional practice, a topic that has not been extensively explored within the South African context. By using a robust mixed-methods design, the research offers a comprehensive perspective on how these factors affect teaching and learning. The findings will be particularly useful for improving educator well-being and student outcomes in the Pietermaritzburg region and beyond.

This study examines the effects of holistic services and facility Adequacy to fostering brand advocacy in hospital selection in Batu City, Malang, Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 340 respondents representing an infinite population and analyzed through Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicate that holistic services significantly shape patient experience and trust, particularly through effective communication at intake, perceived security, and clear information provided by physicians. These dimensions highlight the importance of empathy, patient-centered interaction, and a strong sense of safety in building positive patient perceptions. In addition, facility Adequacy enhances patient experience and trust through adequate waiting areas and well-organized spatial arrangements, emphasizing comfort and cleanliness. Patient experience, supported by professional interaction and a supportive physical environment, strengthens patient trust and encourages brand advocacy. Overall, the findings suggest that communication quality, safety, and facility adequacy are strategic factors in improving patient loyalty and recommendations within the socio-cultural context of Batu City.

The present qualitative paper is meant to discuss the logical role of proverbs in Bantu social justice, specifically in the Kisongye palavers. It demonstrates the power of language through proverbs within the palavers to regulate issues in social justice. It seeks to address a large number of African societies in this contemporary century. As a linguistic survey, this study answers the question: “How do proverbs intervene and logically serve as a vehicle of language of wisdom in social justice through the palavers in Kisongye?” The text documented different approaches such as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), hermeneutics, and logic. Hermeneutics, being the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts, helped to demonstrate the techniques of interpreting and explaining meanings of the language embodied through proverbs in Kisongye. CDA has the force of critiquing and analysing a discourse in any given language. Logic observes the process of premises in a discourse to lead to a good conclusion. Therefore, the paper shows how proverbs in Kisongye as expressions of people’s wisdom and their logical thought find place in education and popular discourse as well as in palavers. To put it clearly, for social transformation and educational change, African society ought to help young people use proverbs in everyday vernacular language. This suggestion could be used in schools and in political discourses. The contribution of this paper is to vulgarize proverbs as rhetoric-logic techniques in Bantu palavers to iron out conflicts in African countries. Hence, the implications of this paper are on social discrimination, health inequality, the effect of climate change on specific groups, and statelessness.