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Original Article56 downloads
Preservice Educators’ Social Adjustment in the Changing Educational LandscapeThe changing landscape of education has caused numerous issues and difficulties in various nations’ educational systems. This has significantly interrupted, forcing students and teachers to adapt to the new learning modes. Such circumstances prompted the researchers to explore how preservice educators adjusted to the current situation. A 16-item adjustment survey questionnaire was given to 1,213 preservice teachers at the Philippine Normal University to address this issue. The study included both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The results showed that, when categorized by sex, the preservice teachers' social adjustment level is moderate. On the other hand, their social adjustments focus mainly on social interaction but least on engaging in leisure activities. Further, the study also disclosed that preservice educators are gradually adjusting socially. Therefore, various university-sponsored programs should be taken into consideration to assist students in gradually adjusting so they can handle the demands and difficulties of the new circumstance.
Original Article71 downloads
The socio-pragmatics of code-switching in a public setting: The case of the University of MarouaThis study entitled ‘The socio-pragmatics of Code-switching in a public setting: The case of The University of Maroua’ investigates into the language practices at the said training school with particular emphasis on 71 civil servants and support staff. Their sociolinguistic profiles and languages used alongside French and English in the fulfilment of their everyday duties at workplace are the epicentre of the study. The study was conducted in a multilingual setting which is the said training school. It made use of participant-observation, recording and assisted questionnaire (interpersonal communication) in order to collect data. The methods used are qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analyses. For data to be analysed scientifically, two complementary theories were used. They are notably Gumperz’s (1982 &1992) and Myers-Scotton (1993). Findings from the study revealed that civil servants and support staff at the HTTC Maroua chiefly use French (42.07%), English (20.92 %) Fulfulde (17.62%), respectively for fulfilment of their daily duties and conversations. In terms of target languages of code-switching, English, with (38.09 %), is the major language and followed by Fulfulde (34.52 %). The French language is the major source language in terms of source languages, i.e, languages switched from with (78.12 %) and English with (17.39%) comes second while Fulfulde is third with only (2.89 %). Fulfulde appeared in four over five instances of purposes for code-switching making it the language which mostly used alongside English and French. This showed that Fulfulde is almost versatile. Also, a French-Fulfulde blending in a single word was noted as a major finding when code-switching occurs.
Original Article139 downloads
Comparative Assessment of CFRP and Steel Jacketing Techniques for Post-Fire Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete StructuresThis study presents a performance-based comparative assessment of two widely used confinement-oriented post-fire strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete (RC) structures: externally bonded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) confinement and steel jacketing. A representative interior RC column extracted from a parking structure is evaluated under three explicitly defined fire-damage states (low, moderate, severe), in which thermal exposure is translated into residual material degradation for concrete and reinforcing steel. Both strengthening systems are then designed and analytically represented within a unified framework to enable consistent comparison across damage severities. Results indicate that fire exposure causes a disproportionate reduction in deformation capacity relative to strength, shifting failure behavior toward brittle, deformation-controlled mechanisms. Both CFRP and steel jacketing effectively restore post-fire capacity; however, their performance profiles diverge as damage severity increases. CFRP provides efficient strength recovery and moderates brittleness, but its deformation enhancement remains constrained by interface sensitivity in fire-damaged substrates. Steel jacketing delivers more stable confinement, greater ductility recovery, and higher energy absorption, with its relative advantage becoming most pronounced under moderate to severe fire damage. Overall, the study demonstrates that post-fire strengthening selection should prioritize deformation reliability and failure stability over strength recovery alone, particularly for gravity-dominated parking structures with limited redundancy.