This article presents a systematization of methods for regulating concrete curing temperatures, with regard to the operational parameters of string-rail transport (SRT) supports. An analysis of existing technologies conducted, and recommendations developed for optimizing concrete composition and curing conditions to increase strength and durability thereof under dynamic loads and significant temperature gradients. Particular attention is drawn to the performance characteristics of concrete in massive string-rail transport supports, including the influence of climatic conditions and mechanical stress. The article examines the specifics of ensuring temperature and humidity conditions of concrete curing during the strength gain period, suitable for the construction of structures for the uST string-rail transport-infrastructure complexes.

This study analyzed how gay teachers in the target area creatively form the Hiligaynon Visayan language using their unique style of speaking. It utilized the framework of Parker and Riley, which views language variation and morphology as organized deviation that shows social meaning, the research explored how Hiligaynon words, specifically nouns, verbs, and adjectives, change in word form and usage within the gay community. Through descriptive qualitative approach, thirty commonly utilized words were analyzed to discover patterns of morphological modification. The findings showed that most variations included complete word substitutions instead of affixation, although some featured prefix or suffix changes by adding -la, changing -om to -ma, or replacing ta- with shu-. These creative linguistic innovations reveal how language becomes a way for identity, creativity, and belonging among a specific sociolect such as the gay community. Further, they highlight that speech is dynamic and is continuously formed by social and cultural interaction. Finally, the study showed that these variations improve and help shape the Hiligaynon language. Respect and greater understanding for the gay sociolect is called upon in this study for inclusivity and better appreciation of variations in language. Further research on the some aspects of Hiligaynon-Visayan language that involves other social groups may be advanced.

Borders have become a central issue in the contemporary global arena. However, earlier studies on border issues show current gaps as far as stakeholders’ roles in preventing the flow of contraband goods along the Ekok-Bamenda corridor of Cameroon is concerned. Through the exploratory (qualitative) and case study research approaches, primary data sources from non-participant observations, Key Informant Interviews (N=25), administration of 400 copies of questionnaires to ten purposively selected border communities, information gathered from secondary sources and qualitative and thematic analysis of collected data, this study sets out to investigate stakeholders’ roles in preventing the flow of contraband goods along the Ekok-Bamenda corridor of Cameroon. The results revealed that multiple stakeholders are involved in contrabands goods flow prevention in the area. They are categorised into three constituting of local, national and international stakeholders including government agencies like customs officers and law enforcement agents including police, armed forces, gendarmes, private sector such as business persons, importers, exporters and transporters, and the local inhabitants residing border communities and the civil society involving local community leaders and NGOs/CIGs. They witness variations in their rate of involvement in preventing contraband goods flow with the main and most important stakeholders being customs officers and security forces. Also, the various stakeholders’ perform different roles and responsibilities in preventing the flow of contraband goods along the corridor directly and/or indirectly, including sealing of shops trading in contraband goods, seizure of contraband goods and tracking and controlling smuggling activities or illegal transactions along the corridor. The study concludes that the porosity of the Ekok-Bamenda border corridor of Cameroon has favoured the increasing flow of contraband goods flooding markets in the area from neighbouring Nigeria. It provides baseline information to policy makers and the concerned administrative structures crucial in developing anti-contraband strategies in order to safeguard the economy, health and security situation of the inhabitants and the economy.

This research was performed in order to determine the effect of planting density on the growth of Mugil cephalus "smooth" and Brycon atrocaudatus "cascafe" in multi-trophic culture; for which he had two ponds of 900 m2 and 600 m2 of area, developing the experimental design paired samples with two treatments without repetition: 1.8 fish / m2 (Pond 1) and 2.3 fish / m2 (Pond 2). The fish were fed balanced 28% protein in double time: 09 and 14 hours, with food indices ranged from 10% at the beginning to 2% of the biomass at the end. Biometric checks were made monthly sampling of 50 smooth and 25 cascafes each treatment and analysis of variance and Tukey test were performed to determine significant differences in growth. Growth was affected by planting density in reverse to the "smooth" best grown in lower total density of 1.8 fish / m2: 135.47 mm and 31.93 g and in favorable direction for the "cascafe" whose growth it was higher in the density of 2.3 fish / m2: 191.64 mm and 82.13 g. The highest yield production was presented in the total density of 2.3 fish / m2: 37.37 kg and 622.89 kg / ha. The best conversion factor and greater feed efficiency corresponded to the density of 2.3 fish / m2.

The period 2001-2025 has witnessed an epistemic transformation in the power structures of the international system. This research analyzes the role of sharp power in foreign policy strategies through a qualitative and analytical perspective. The research question focuses on how the role of sharp power and its instruments in states' foreign policy strategies changed during 2001-2025, and how this transformation reshaped global power competition. The study develops a multi-layered theoretical framework by integrating Foucault's knowledge-power nexus, Buzan and Wæver's securitization theory, Guzzini's relational power approach, and Rumelili's identity analysis. Through comparative multiple-case design, sharp power practices of the United States, Russian Federation, People's Republic of China, and Republic of Türkiye were analyzed using discourse analysis and document examination methods. Findings reveal that sharp power relies approximately seventy percent on epistemic control, twenty percent on discursive hegemony, and ten percent on structural infrastructure dominance. The research contributes to power typologies by conceptualizing sharp power not as a deviation of soft power but as an independent epistemic power form. The study empirically demonstrates how information manipulation, digital influence, and normative legitimacy engineering transform the structure of international order.

Hybrid nanofluids (suspensions of two or more classes of nanoparticles) have proved to be the formidable alternatives to traditional coolants that could be used in the case of compact and micro heat exchangers. Hybrid nanofluids can be used to combine the benefits of various nanoparticles at a base fluid to provide an improved thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer and of a heat exchanger in general. This is a critical review to understand the new developments in the field of application in thermal systems, its mechanisms and issues. It discusses the important performance issues of the type of nanoparticles, the nanoparticles concentration, fluid viscosity, and operating temperature, with the relationship each one has on thermal performance. It is also discussed how to design elaborate hybrid nanofluids to be integrated into narrow-board heat exchangers, such as behavior of flow in laminar and turbulent condition, stability, and sedimentation of such nanoparticles. Although it has proved beneficial in terms of its performance, significant challenges still exist, the most prominent of them being cost-effectiveness, dispersion stability, and feasibility of mass production. A number of solutions are discussed to develop new technologies, such as using AI to optimize thermal usage, one-pot synthesis approaches, and applications with smart sensors, as they provide an opportunity to increase the scale of industries. Also, regulatory, environmental, and sustainability factors are considered, and the necessity of environmentally friendly materials and the lifecycle analysis is highlighted. On the whole, it can be said that hybrid nanofluids are an extremely promising niche in thermal management, yet the full commercial potential of hybrid nanofluids in the industry will be achievable only in case of multidisciplinary cooperation and fresh design schemes.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different organic liquid fertilizers and their combinations with chemical fertilizers on the development of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in pots, where five different organic formulations (B, D, E, F, T) were applied at four dosage levels (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%). Combinations involving 3% doses of these formulations with NPK fertilizer were also evaluated. Plant height (cm) and dry biomass (g/plant) were considered the primary metrics, and the applications were compared with both a negative control (no fertilizer) and a positive control (NPK-only). The results showed that the effect of organic liquid fertilizers on wheat development varied depending on the composition and dose. Especially the formulations based on hazelnut vinegar (F) and poultry manure vinegar (T) applied at 1% and 3% concentrations, as well as their combinations with NPK, produced the most favorable results in terms of plant development and biomass production. In contrast, the B and D formulations at 5% and 10% concentrations had phytotoxic effects that negatively impacted plant growth. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the fertilizer types in terms of plant height and dry matter values (p<0.05). Notably, the D fertilizer resulted in significantly lower growth values, while the T and F fertilizers yielded statistically superior outcomes. The findings indicate that the effects of organic fertilizers are strongly influenced by both their composition and application rate. Identifying the optimal dosage is crucial for maximizing yield while minimizing the risk of phytotoxicity.