The study explores the role of the knowledge economy in facilitating international trade and networking. It looks at the role of law makers, business associations and lobby groups within the greater export promotion policy framework as a vital tool to drive GDP growth and reduce unemployment amid rapidly falling exports. Botswana as a country and as a market has a challenge of a relatively small population of just over 2 million and general unemployment rate of 27.5% and 47% for youths aged 18-35. This presents the country’s commercial and industrial players with a relatively small domestic market with low aggregate demand for goods and services. This in turn leads to sluggish growth in non-diamond related GDP. The country needs to diversify its economy away from diamonds and expand its export capacity and performance in world markets. The gravity of Botswana’s predicament has been amplified by the recent emergence of Laboratory grown diamonds which pose an existential threat to the mono-economy of Botswana which experienced a 44% drop in Exports for 2024. The Export Led growth strategy and Import substitution models have a significant role to play in driving both the nations diversification efforts and GDP growth agenda In particular it is a unique opportunity for Born Global Firms (BGs) to fill this gap by leveraging on technology driven internet platforms to drive the emergence of the Forth industrial revolution and accelerate international trade. The recent banning of vegetable products from South Africa in favour of Botswana products by President Masisi is a good example of a positive policy intervention in favor of import substitution. The Study explores how the political economy, policy and regulatory frameworks of the country impact on the business environment and its ability to foster export performance through the establishment of Born Global Firms in Botswana

This article aims to evaluate the impact of the Plan Maroc Vert (PMV) on agricultural employment in terms of job creation as well as employment quality improvement. It also aims to determine the contribution of this plan to agriculture sector development. Our findings indicate that the PMV’s impact on employment in the Moroccan agricultural sector was gradual. The policy has a positive impact reflected by some positive job creation in the later years, particularly the 2017-2019 period. However, the sector remained volatile and highly dependent on external factors, since its contribution to total employment was more of downs than ups. Also, our analysis conclude that the agricultural sector's share of GDP is generally stable, which indicate a limited structural transformation or productivity gains in the agricultural sector that offset the potential decline in labor force.

Storyboarding is a powerful tool for communicating organizational change, as it combines visual elements with narrative structure to enhance understanding and engagement. This approach allows leaders to present complex ideas clearly and effectively, fostering emotional connections among stakeholders. By employing strategies such as visual clarity, logical sequencing, and the inclusion of additional information, organizations can create compelling storyboards that support change management efforts. This paper explores the significance of storyboarding in organizational communication and provides insights into its practical application.

The manuscript describes the application of accounting methodology for evaluation of decision making. The dynamic management of activities is visually represented in geometric figures, whose internal axes are average periods obtained from the annual accounts of listed Indian companies. They are modules of parametric equations, whose respective values act as Cartesian axes for the measurement of internal angles, allowing us to obtain the incenter or management center. Therefore, for the observer, there are two triangles, and for the researcher, there are five Cartesian centers. The Euclidean distance between cartesian center and management center is a measure of accounting dispersion. The triangle, whose vectors are the average sales, purchase, and collection periods, is a radar chart and visually represents the proportional distribution of the effects of decision-making, while the management center represents their equitable distribution and forms a polar chart. The effect of correcting the variables relevant to the researcher, through the application of accounting dispersion, results in correlations greater than the initial ones and establishes a discrimination criterion for their inclusion in the estimation models. The research analyzes the effects of short-term decision-making rather than a series of observations, considering that the geometric figures obtained are types of management included in the management classes linked to the accounting structures of the financial statements. This homomorphism justifies the expected results in the use of accounting dispersion as a corrective measure for variables associated with the activity of the evaluated entity. The cause-and-effect relationship in hypothesis analysis, based on the execution time of an activity represented in a management class, is visually observable. The greater or lesser accounting variance caused determines the loss or improvement resulting from a decision. In research, labor is the causal variable used as a reference to refute the validity of the applied methodology.

Prominence has being on the influence of corporate governance (CG) and firm’s financial performance (FP) without much consideration on other performance indicator as a result of the execution of corporate codes and conducts (CCC). This study examined the impact of CG and non-financial performance (NFP) of companies in Nigeria. Secondary data of the sampled banks were obtained from Nigeria exchange groups (NGX) for a period of 20 years. Ranked ordered logit regression estimation analysis was adopted through Stata version 13. Model 1and 2 revealed that the foreign manager (FMG), board size (BSZ), board composition (BCM), institutional ownership (ISO), audit committee (AUC), audit committee report (ACR), have positive substantial influence on corporate performance (CPF) and internet financial reporting (IFR). While, chief executive officer (CEO) have negative but substantial influence on CPF but insignificant on IFR. Also, managerial ownership (MSO) have positive substantial influence on CPF but not insignificant with IFR. It concludes that CG does not only influence FP of firms but also NFP as well. Therefore, it recommends that banks in Nigeria can even in the face of many challenges and limitations, implementing effective corporate governance practices can enhance non-financial performance, investor confidence, and economic growth.

By providing the necessary resources, leaders enable their subordinates to fulfill their potential and accomplish organizational goals and objectives. The growing importance of leaders on workers motivated us to investigate how leadership viewpoints affect workers' job satisfaction. This study looked into how leadership style affected worker satisfaction in Zanzibar's service industry. 320 workers from the 40 chosen service companies made up the study's sample. Questionnaire instrument is used to collect data from respondents. The associations between the variables (employee happiness and leadership viewpoint) were examined using the Spearman Rank-order correlation coefficient. The study's conclusions showed a strong and positive correlation between employee happiness and every aspect of leadership viewpoint. The aforementioned studies led to the conclusion that a leadership viewpoint improves worker job satisfaction. Employee happiness was shown to be improved by idealized influence, personalized attention, intellectual stimulation, inspiring motivation, contingent rewards, passive management by exemption, and active management by exemption. This study adds to the body of literature on Zanzibar's service industry and offers guidance to executives in the industry on the importance of leadership perspective in boosting employee satisfaction and assisting in the accomplishment of the industry's goals and objectives.

The District of Bamako, the capital of Mali, is experiencing rapid urban expansion and significant demographic changes. This growth has led to an increasing interest in the local real estate market, a complex field influenced by various economic, social, and political factors. Thus, the analysis of the housing market in the District of Bamako aims to thoroughly explore the dynamics of the housing market, focusing on supply and demand, characteristics, recent trends, and challenges. Moreover, Bamako's population has experienced rapid growth over the past few decades, rising from approximately 1 million inhabitants in the 1990s to over 2.3 million today. This demographic growth has created a strong demand for housing, particularly for low- and middle-income households. Consequently, the supply of affordable housing has not kept pace with this increasing demand. The methodological approach emphasizes the use of economic analysis tools, descriptive statistics, mathematical tools, and environmental analysis. The results reveal an imbalance between the supply and demand for housing in Bamako. Thus, the housing market in Bamako faces major challenges related to rapid demographic growth and high costs. Efforts are underway to address the demand for affordable housing, but substantial progress remains to be made.

The panacea to poverty situation in Nigeria is hinge on the significant roles played by huge amount of money allocated to SMEs. Therefore, competitive prices, quality of product and efficient services are provided among industries whether public, private, big, small, simple or complex in operations. In Nigeria, it is projected to be seedbed of novelties, inventions, employment to alleviate poverty. Over the years, these important components are growing exponentially in the midst of huge SMEs financing in Nigeria, yet poverty indices keep rising. It is on this backdrop that this paper investigate the asymmetric connection amid SMEs financing and situations of Poverty in Nigeria evidence Non-linear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) model using annual data spanning from (1992-2023). The asymmetric test discovered that co-integrating association exist among the dependent and independent as a variables of concern. The NARDL result shown that the short and long-run of SMEs components have distorted effect on poverty reduction, but the marginal impact of Commercial Bank credit to SMEs and Government Funding to SMEs is statistically significant in reducing poverty in a short run looking at both the positive and the negative components of the explanatory variable, while aggregate capitalization and interest rate does not demonstrate marginal impact on poverty reduction. The long run result uncovered that Commercial bank credit, government Funding negate the estimated sign and the effect is statistically insignificant, it was on the aggregate capitalization that reveals the effect on reducing poverty, but the impact is not statistically significant. The study recommended that; Government should establish SMEs Bank that will aimed at making loans available to SMEs as low as 3-4% interest rate to ameliorate the adverse financial challenges bedeviling the sector because most entrepreneurs relied on personal savings and family for funds.

This study investigates the asymmetric impacts of trade openness and Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) on Indonesia’s economic growth during the period 2010–2023. The research is motivated by the increasing intensity of Indonesia–China economic relations, where trade and investment have become major channels of integration into the global economy. Annual time-series data on GDP, trade, and FDI were obtained from the World Bank, UN Comtrade, and Statistics Indonesia (Central Bureau of Statistics). Using a multiple linear regression model, the study examines the extent to which bilateral trade openness and FDI inflows from China contribute to Indonesia’s GDP growth. The empirical results reveal that bilateral trade openness with China exerts a strong and statistically significant positive effect on GDP, indicating that greater trade integration enhances market access, export diversification, and production efficiency. In contrast, Chinese FDI demonstrates a positive but statistically insignificant effect, suggesting limited linkages with domestic industries and weak absorptive capacity of the host economy. These findings highlight the asymmetric role of trade and investment, where trade emerges as the primary driver of Indonesia’s growth, while the benefits of FDI remain constrained by structural and institutional challenges. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from a major emerging economy and underscores the need for policies that strengthen domestic absorptive capacity, enhance local industry participation, and maximize spillover effects of foreign investment.